Studies in Intelligence

Thursday, July 17th, 2003

Studies in Intelligence describes how FDR, despite his familiarity with then-new-fangled surveillance gear, trusted the Russians completely “and was bugged like no other American president in history”:

Roosevelt was no stranger to technical surveillance. In 1939, piqued by an incident in which he believed that the press had deliberately misquoted him, he had a secret recording system installed in the White House as a means of self-protection. Since German tape-recording technology had not yet found its way to America, something had to be invented. FDR’s assistants took the problem to David Sarnoff of the Radio Corporation of America. In June 1940, Sarnoff personally presented the President with a “continuous-film recording machine” that made use of motion-picture sound film. Set in a wire cage in a room beneath the Oval Office, the device was activated either by the President using a switch inside his desk drawer or by his technician down below throwing a switch on the machine itself. A single microphone poked out through a lamp on FDR’s desk.

Between 23 August and 8 November, 1939, during his campaign for an unprecedented third term, the President recorded fourteen of twenty-one press conferences held in his office, plus a number of private conversations, the latter possibly by mistake. It seems that he never used the system to entrap anyone, and no one knows why he stopped it. Relatively innocent by today’s standards of invasion, it nevertheless demonstrates that the President was acquainted with listening devices before his conferences with Stalin.

In the very year of the Teheran conference, he was reminded of hidden microphones when watching Mission to Moscow, a movie based on a book of that title by Joseph E. Davies, America’s second Ambassador to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Produced in 1943 with the President’s blessing, possibly even at his explicit request, this blatant piece of propaganda was designed to drum up public enthusiasm for a political shotgun wedding: It colored Stalin as a simple, practical man with whom one could do business; rhapsodized about Soviet construction, government, and politics; and justified the Soviet blood purges, the Moscow show trials, and Stalin’s two-year pact with Hitler, which had ended when Hitler turned the tables on Stalin and invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941.

Attempting to forestall any criticism of the Soviet system, Davies even contrived to make a brief for bugging. In one scene, set in the American Embassy in Moscow, the Ambassador’s assistants warn him of listening devices, but he rebukes them severely:

I say nothing outside the Kremlin that I wouldn’t say to Stalin’s face. Do you? . . . We’re here in a sense as guests of the Soviet government, and I’m going to believe they trust the United States as a friend until they prove otherwise. Is that clear?

When the assistant persists that still, after all, there may be microphones, Davies, played with aplomb by FDR’s favorite actor, Walter Huston, cuts him off: “Then let ‘em hear! We’ll be friends that much faster!”

The final irony

Thursday, July 17th, 2003

In The final irony, Zoe Williams (a Brit) tackles irony (using some British allusions I don’t quite get):

Pretty much everything is ironic these days. Irony is used as a synonym for cool, for cynicism, for detachment, for intelligence; it’s cited as the end of civilisation, as well as its salvation. Pretty much every form of culture claims to be shot through with it, even (especially) the ones that conspicuously aren’t. I read last week that Bruce Forsyth hosting Have I Got News For You was an ‘ironic statement’, as if you could ascend into irony just by being old, as you used to with wisdom. I read, too, that it was ironic for Alan Millburn to leave his job to spend more time with his family, when the doctors and nurses under his care don’t have that facility; well, it’s not ironic, it’s just standard-issue self-interest, with maybe a smattering of hypocrisy. I’ve read claims of an ‘ironic’ interest in Big Brother — nope. Lazy, maybe. Possibly postmodern. Not ironic.

We have a grave problem with this word (well, in fact, it’s not really grave — but I’m not being ironic when I call it that, I’m being hyperbolic. Though often the two amount to the same thing. But not always).
[...]
Most pressingly, though, there are a number of misconceptions about irony that are peculiar to recent times. The first is that September 11 spelled the end of irony. The second is that the end of irony would be the one good thing to come out of September 11. The third is that irony characterises our age to a greater degree than it has done any other. The fourth is that Americans can’t do irony, and we can. The fifth is that the Germans can’t do irony, either (and we still can). The sixth is that irony and cynicism are interchangeable. The seventh is that it’s a mistake to attempt irony in emails and text messages, even while irony characterises our age, and so do emails. And the eighth is that “post-ironic” is an acceptable term – it is very modish to use this, as if to suggest one of three things: i) that irony has ended; ii) that postmodernism and irony are interchangeable, and can be conflated into one handy word; or iii) that we are more ironic than we used to be, and therefore need to add a prefix suggesting even greater ironic distance than irony on its own can supply. None of these things is true.

Now, after all that effort numbering and sub-numbering the points, I’m going to deal with them in the wrong order. That isn’t ironic, it’s just a bit sloppy.

Lights, Camera, Action. Marxism, Semiotics, Narratology.

Thursday, July 17th, 2003

In Lights, Camera, Action. Marxism, Semiotics, Narratology., David Weddle — who has a BS in cinema from USC and who works in the film industry — describes his daughter’s UC Santa Barbara film theory exam:

On the exam, I found the following, from an essay by film theorist Kristin Thompson:

“Neoformalism posits that viewers are active — that they perform operations. Contrary to psychoanalytic criticism, I assume that film viewing is composed mostly of nonconscious, preconscious, and conscious activities. Indeed, we may define the viewer as a hypothetical entity who responds actively to cues within the film on the basis of automatic perceptual processes and on the basis of experience. Since historical contexts make the protocols of these responses inter-subjective, we may analyze films without resorting to subjectivity…According to Bordwell, ‘The organism constructs a perceptual judgment on the basis of nonconscious inferences.’ ”

Then came the question itself:

“What kind of pressure would Metz’s description of ‘the imaginary signifier’ or Baudry’s account of the subject in the apparatus put on the ontology and epistemology of film implicit in the above two statements?”

I looked up at my daughter. She smiled triumphantly. “Welcome to film theory,” she chirped.

Welcome to film theory indeed.

I read from my daughter’s study guide to Gary A. Randall, who has served as president of Orion Television, Spelling Television, and as the executive producer of the TV series “Any Day Now.” “That’s what your daughter’s being taught?” he says. “That’s just elitist psychobabble. It sounds like it was written by a professor of malapropism. That has absolutely no bearing on the real world. It sounds like an awfully myopic perspective of what film is really supposed to be about: touching hearts and minds and providing provocative thoughts.”

From movie critic Ebert: “Film theory has nothing to do with film. Students presumably hope to find out something about film, and all they will find out is an occult and arcane language designed only for the purpose of excluding those who have not mastered it and giving academic rewards to those who have. No one with any literacy, taste or intelligence would want to teach these courses, so the bona fide definition of people teaching them are people who are incapable of teaching anything else.”

Cultured Bacteria Save Medieval Italian Frescoes

Wednesday, June 25th, 2003

Microbes do plenty of amazing things. Now they restore medieval art. From Cultured Bacteria Save Medieval Italian Frescoes:

After a glue used in a bungled earlier restoration attempt clouded one of the 14th and 15th century paintings in the Camposanto cemetery fresco cycle in Pisa, scientists turned to a bacteria called Pseudomonas Stutzeri — with spectacular results.
[...]
The 4,900-square-foot of frescoes in the “Conversion of Saint Efisio and Battle” by Spinello Aretino were nearly destroyed in a World War II air raid, and were further damaged by botched restoration efforts when the paintings were peeled off the walls and glued to canvases.

Over the following years, the organic glue used hardened and clouded, wrecking paint pigments and resisting all efforts at removal. Attempts at using chemical solvents took their own toll on the frescoes.

But the revolutionary bacteria culture degraded 80 percent of the glue within just 10 hours, revealing the colorful garments of Aretino’s angels and of Saint Efisio himself.

Savant for a Day

Monday, June 23rd, 2003

A recent NY Times article, Savant for a Day, reports on a hard-to-believe invention:

The Medtronic was originally developed as a tool for brain surgery: by stimulating or slowing down specific regions of the brain, it allowed doctors to monitor the effects of surgery in real time. But it also produced, they noted, strange and unexpected effects on patients’ mental functions: one minute they would lose the ability to speak, another minute they would speak easily but would make odd linguistic errors and so on. A number of researchers started to look into the possibilities, but one in particular intrigued Snyder: that people undergoing transcranial magnetic stimulation, or TMS, could suddenly exhibit savant intelligence — those isolated pockets of geniuslike mental ability that most often appear in autistic people.
[...]
He has used TMS dozens of times on university students, measuring its effect on their ability to draw, to proofread and to perform difficult mathematical functions like identifying prime numbers by sight. Hooked up to the machine, 40 percent of test subjects exhibited extraordinary, and newfound, mental skills. That Snyder was able to induce these remarkable feats in a controlled, repeatable experiment is more than just a great party trick; it’s a breakthrough that may lead to a revolution in the way we understand the limits of our own intelligence — and the functioning of the human brain in general.
[...]
Perhaps the most famous savant was Dustin Hoffman’s character in ”Rain Man,” who could count hundreds of matchsticks at a glance. But the truth has often been even stranger: one celebrated savant in turn-of-the-century Vienna could calculate the day of the week for every date since the birth of Christ. Other savants can speak dozens of languages without formally studying any of them or can reproduce music at the piano after only a single hearing. A savant studied by the English doctor J. Langdon Down in 1887 had memorized every page of Gibbon’s ”Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.” At the beginning of the 19th century, the splendidly named Gottfried Mind became famous all over Europe for the amazing pictures he drew of cats.

Aladdin Is to Become Planet Hollywood Casino

Monday, June 23rd, 2003

I was just at the Aladdin last week, and I had no idea that it was on its way out. From Aladdin Is to Become Planet Hollywood Casino:

The ailing Aladdin casino in Las Vegas will become a Planet Hollywood casino and a Sheraton hotel, according to a ruling by a federal bankruptcy-court judge on Friday.

I don’t have a good feeling about this:

During the next 18 months or so, the casino will be renovated — getting a new facade, refurbished suites and other changes — into a celebrity-theme Planet Hollywood. “It’s a chance to put Planet back into ascendancy,” Mr. Earl said in an interview. He and Bay Harbour recently brought Planet Hollywood, an Orlando, Fla., company Mr. Earl co-founded, out of bankruptcy-court protection.

The top floor will have “celebrity suites” devoted to the lives and careers of various stars. One floor below will have suites themed along the lines of Hollywood memorabilia, such as a room with the ice pick from the movie “Basic Instinct” and another room with the bed from the Madonna film “Truth or Dare.”

I was quite impressed with the Desert Passage mall:

New entrances will be opened to the Desert Passage shopping mall, and new restaurants placed with doors opening to both the mall and casino. The mall was designed to be part of the casino but was largely cut off from it after relations soured early on between the mall owners, Chicago-based Trizec Properties Inc. and the Aladdin. “We’re going to carefully correct all the design errors” of the Aladdin, Mr. Earl said.

That is partly where Mr. Gluck comes in. Mr. Gluck, 75 years old, sold Caesars World to the former ITT Corp. in 1995. He was the first casino operator to bring retail stores to Las Vegas casinos when he opened the Forum Shops in 1992. The Forum Shops mall, which has the highest sales per square foot of any U.S. shopping center, brought on a wave of retail development in Las Vegas casinos, including Desert Passage and the Venetian casino’s Grand Canal Shoppes.

The Planet Hollywood-Starwood group is hoping Mr. Gluck might work something similar with Desert Passage. But it isn’t yet precisely clear what Mr. Gluck’s role will be. “I’m going to help them put it together,” he said in an interview. “They want to take advantage of my experience in having done this before.”

The New TNN

Monday, June 23rd, 2003

TNN has repositioned itself as the new TNN, the first network for men. Normally I’d applaud a new line-up of animation for adults, but I’m not sure where I stand on the new TNN’s animation behaving badly:

The cult cartoon classic Ren & Stimpy has returned, teamed with two brand new adult series, for a raw and raucous block of late night animation. ‘Toon in for the June 26th premiere beginning at 10pm ET/PT for the hot line-up of Ren & Stimpy Adult Party Cartoon, Stripperella, and all new Gary the Rat.

Stripperella?

From legendary Spider-Man creator Stan Lee and featuring the voice of Pamela Anderson — she’s an exotic dancer by night, a sexy superhero by…later night.

Tacit Knowledge — Writing a Book

Thursday, June 19th, 2003

Tacit Knowledge — Writing a Book describes how the publishing industry doesn’t work the way people would like to think it works:

Fact #1: Millions of people are working on books, or believe that they could write a book, or are planning to write a book.
[...]
Millions would like to do it. A couple of hundred actually manage it.

In other words, your chances of making a living writing books are perhaps better than are your chances of ever playing in the NBA. But not all that much better.

Technical pause here: there’s an important-to-understand distinction that needs to be made between “book publishing” generally and “trade book publishing,” which is what most of us think of when we think of book publishing — i.e., the biz that creates the books that fill up the local bookstore. Book publishing generally is a fairly substantial industry, and most of the money in the field — two-thirds, if I remember right — doesn’t come from “trade book” publishing. It’s generated by the sales of products many of us almost never think of as books: medical reference books, atlases, textbooks. This end of the biz operates in the semi-rational way many businesses do, with similar profit margins and incentive structures. There’s real money to be made here, other words. You can get rich writing and/or publishing textbooks, for instance — but it’s a very competitive industry.

Orwell and me

Thursday, June 19th, 2003

Margaret Atwood went on to write her own dystopic novel (The Handmaid’s Tale), but long before that, she read Orwell’s Animal Farm — and it scared her. From Orwell and me:

I grew up with George Orwell. I was born in 1939, and Animal Farm was published in 1945. Thus, I was able to read it at the age of nine. It was lying around the house, and I mistook it for a book about talking animals, sort of like Wind in the Willows. I knew nothing about the kind of politics in the book – the child’s version of politics then, just after the war, consisted of the simple notion that Hitler was bad but dead.

So I gobbled up the adventures of Napoleon and Snowball, the smart, greedy, upwardly mobile pigs, and Squealer the spin-doctor, and Boxer the noble but thick-witted horse, and the easily led, slogan-chanting sheep, without making any connection with historical events.

To say that I was horrified by this book is an understatement.

Kids Be Warned: Don’t Flush Your Fish

Friday, June 6th, 2003

From Kids Be Warned: Don’t Flush Your Fish:

Kids be warned: Flushing your pet fish down the drain will not send it safely into the ocean as depicted in the new computer-animated movie “Finding Nemo.”

A company that manufactures equipment used to process sewage issued a news release Thursday warning that drain pipes do lead to the ocean — eventually — but first the fluid goes through powerful machines that “shred solids into tiny particles.”

“In truth, no one would ever find Nemo and the movie would be called ‘Grinding Nemo,’” wrote the JWC Environmental company, which makes the trademarked “Muffin Monster” shredding pumps.

In the unlikely event Nemo survived the deadly machines, the company added, he would probably be killed by the chlorine disinfection.

NPR : The ‘Sabre Dance’ Man

Thursday, June 5th, 2003

Somehow I missed NPR : The ‘Sabre Dance’ Man:

It was one of the catchiest, most familiar — perhaps most maddening — tunes to come out of the 20th century. It was heard in cartoons. It heightened the drama of plate spinners doing their shtick on the Ed Sullivan Show. In celebration of the 100th anniversary of composer Aram Khachaturian’s birth, NPR’s Tom Huizenga profiles the man behind “Sabre Dance.”

What sometimes shocks me is how recently many of these “classical” works were composed:

The song was part of the Armenian composer’s Gayane ballet, which he completed in 1942.

Interesting history:

Khachaturian came of age as a composer during the Stalin regime. Though he wasn’t considered a party apparatchik, he was swept up in the fervor of the new socialist dream.

“He did absolutely everything right, as far as the Soviet ideology is concerned,” says pianist Sahan Arzruni, who worked with, and has written about Khachaturian. “He used the folk material of all the republics, not only the Armenia folk material but the Ukrainian, Georgian, Azerbaijani, Turkmenistani… The primary dogma, as far as the Soviet ideology is concerned, is to make the art relevant to the people. Not art for the sake of art.”

Khachaturian churned out well-crafted, party-pleasing compositions such as the “Song of Stalin,” “Ode in Memory of Lenin” and a popular violin concerto. But in 1948, Khachaturian suddenly found himself on the wrong side of the Soviet art police — officially denounced, along with fellow composers Dmitri Shostakovich and Sergei Prokofiev.

Khachaturian apologized and even agreed to be sent back to Armenia to be “reeducated.” In 1957, four years after Stalin died, Khachaturian was re-appointed to the Composer’s Union. But by then, “all his major works were behind him,” Huizenga says.

The primary dogma, as far as the Soviet ideology is concerned, is to make the art relevant to the people. Not art for the sake of art. Sounds more like network TV to me.

Woman Gets Phone Calls for God

Tuesday, May 27th, 2003

There’s a reason all movie phone numbers start with 555. From Woman Gets Phone Calls for God:

Dawn Jenkins isn’t in the new Jim Carrey comedy “Bruce Almighty,” but her phone number is — and that’s become a problem.

In the film, Carrey stars as a mortal who receives the powers of God. The character of God tries to reach Carrey’s character by repeatedly leaving a phone number on his pager.

But instead of the usual 555 prefix used by most television shows and films, God’s number is a common exchange — one too common for Jenkins’ liking. It’s her cell phone number.

She’s been getting about 20 calls per hour, with callers asking for God before hanging up.

Perhaps Jenny should call and leave her number.

Boos and Cheers for Cannes Hero Michael Haneke

Tuesday, May 20th, 2003

I’m not familiar with Haneke’s The Piano Teacher, but Boos and Cheers for Cannes Hero Michael Haneke describes his latest film, Time of the Wolf, and it explores a hypothetical situation that fascinates me:

Talking to reporters afterwards, he said he wanted to see how thick the veneer of civilization was and to measure just how quickly moral standards crumble in adversity.

“I avoided describing the catastrophe,” he said. “How would you and I cope if the water did not come out of the tap? It is as simple as that.”

NPR : ‘Buffy Studies’

Tuesday, May 13th, 2003

On the way home today, I heard the following story on NPR, NPR : ‘Buffy Studies’:

Buffy enjoys a special following among academics, some of whom have staked a claim in what they call “Buffy Studies.” NPR’s Neda Ulaby reports there are serious academic studies on the characters and themes in the series — titles like “Buffy the Vampire Disciplinarian: Institutional Excess and the New Economy of Power.”

The program cited Slayage, the Online Journal of Buffy Studies, and interviewed some really, really nerdy professors. (Seriously, listen to the audio.)

Magpie mystic of the South Pacific

Monday, May 12th, 2003

In Magpie mystic of the South Pacific, John Whitley summarizes tortured-artist Gaugin’s life:

Exactly 100 years ago next Thursday, Paul Gauguin died alone and in agonising pain in his shack on the Marquesas Islands near Tahiti. He was 54, heavily in debt, his paintings were almost universally derided and he was addicted to morphine — he may even have been killed by an overdose of the drug, which he took for the suppurating syphilis sores on his legs.
[...]
Raised among distant cousins in Peru, he returned to France for a formal education, then roamed the world as a merchant seaman. At 25 he married and settled down on the stock exchange, devoting his spare time to studies with friendly Impressionists, notably his mentor, Camille Pissarro, and Degas. Hit by the 1882 crash, he threw it all up to become a full-time artist, but poverty drove him to the cheaper artists’ colony at Pont-Aven in Brittany and then to Arles. There he may (or may not) have incited Van Gogh to hack off his ear.