The elite, international, counter-terror force uses suppressed MP10s

Wednesday, February 25th, 2026

Rainbow Six by Tom ClancyI recently listened to the audiobook version of Tom Clancy’s Rainbow Six, after finishing Executive Orders. The elite, international, counter-terror force uses suppressed “MP10s,” which are clearly MP5s in 10mm, the hot new round at the time.

In real life, the FBI’s SWAT teams and Hostage Rescue Team briefly used MP5s in 10mm:

Out of a carbine barrel the 10mm round has almost as much energy as a 5.56 round, which needs more barrel to get up to speed, but the faster 5.56 round was deemed a better choice for defeating body armor.

In the novel, they use suppressed guns, which are almost silent — with no mention of special subsonic ammo. The guns also shoot a three-round burst, which has fallen out of fashion. They also use diopter sights, which are quite popular for ISSF target-shooting, where precision is far more important than speed or low-light performance.

The Canadian Kipling

Saturday, February 21st, 2026

David J. West recently cited a quote from a letter from Robert E. Howard to H.P. Lovecraft:

My tastes and habits are simple; I am neither erudite nor sophisticated. I prefer jazz to classical music, musical burlesque to Greek tragedy, A. Conan Doyle to Balzac, and Bob Service’s verse to Santayana’s writing, a prize fight to a lecture on art.

I had to look up Bob Service. Apparently he was “the Canadian Kipling”:

Robert William Service (16 January 1874 – 11 September 1958) was an English-born Canadian poet and writer, often called “The Bard of the Yukon” and “The Canadian Kipling”. Born in Lancashire of Scottish descent, he was a bank clerk by trade, but spent long periods travelling in the west in the United States and Canada, often in poverty. When his bank sent him to the Yukon, he was inspired by tales of the Klondike Gold Rush, and wrote two poems, “The Shooting of Dan McGrew” and “The Cremation of Sam McGee”, which showed remarkable authenticity from an author with no experience of the gold rush or mining, and enjoyed immediate popularity.

You can, of course, find his poems online. “The Shooting of Dan McGrew” should appeal to REH fans:

A bunch of the boys were whooping it up in the Malamute saloon;
The kid that handles the music-box was hitting a jag-time tune;
Back of the bar, in a solo game, sat Dangerous Dan McGrew,
And watching his luck was his light-o’-love, the lady that’s known as Lou.

When out of the night, which was fifty below, and into the din and the glare,
There stumbled a miner fresh from the creeks, dog-dirty, and loaded for bear.
He looked like a man with a foot in the grave and scarcely the strength of a louse,
Yet he tilted a poke of dust on the bar, and he called for drinks for the house.
There was none could place the stranger’s face, though we searched ourselves for a clue;
But we drank his health, and the last to drink was Dangerous Dan McGrew.

There’s men that somehow just grip your eyes, and hold them hard like a spell;
And such was he, and he looked to me like a man who had lived in hell;
With a face most hair, and the dreary stare of a dog whose day is done,
As he watered the green stuff in his glass, and the drops fell one by one.
Then I got to figgering who he was, and wondering what he’d do,
And I turned my head — and there watching him was the lady that’s known as Lou.

His eyes went rubbering round the room, and he seemed in a kind of daze,
Till at last that old piano fell in the way of his wandering gaze.
The rag-time kid was having a drink; there was no one else on the stool,
So the stranger stumbles across the room, and flops down there like a fool.
In a buckskin shirt that was glazed with dirt he sat, and I saw him sway;
Then he clutched the keys with his talon hands — my God! but that man could play.

Were you ever out in the Great Alone, when the moon was awful clear,
And the icy mountains hemmed you in with a silence you most could hear;
With only the howl of a timber wolf, and you camped there in the cold,
A half-dead thing in a stark, dead world, clean mad for the muck called gold;
While high overhead, green, yellow and red, the North Lights swept in bars? —
Then you’ve a hunch what the music meant. . . hunger and night and the stars.

And hunger not of the belly kind, that’s banished with bacon and beans,
But the gnawing hunger of lonely men for a home and all that it means;
For a fireside far from the cares that are, four walls and a roof above;
But oh! so cramful of cosy joy, and crowned with a woman’s love —
A woman dearer than all the world, and true as Heaven is true —
(God! how ghastly she looks through her rouge, — the lady that’s known as Lou.)

Then on a sudden the music changed, so soft that you scarce could hear;
But you felt that your life had been looted clean of all that it once held dear;
That someone had stolen the woman you loved; that her love was a devil’s lie;
That your guts were gone, and the best for you was to crawl away and die.
‘Twas the crowning cry of a heart’s despair, and it thrilled you through and through —
“I guess I’ll make it a spread misere”, said Dangerous Dan McGrew.

The music almost died away … then it burst like a pent-up flood;
And it seemed to say, “Repay, repay,” and my eyes were blind with blood.
The thought came back of an ancient wrong, and it stung like a frozen lash,
And the lust awoke to kill, to kill … then the music stopped with a crash,
And the stranger turned, and his eyes they burned in a most peculiar way;
In a buckskin shirt that was glazed with dirt he sat, and I saw him sway;
Then his lips went in in a kind of grin, and he spoke, and his voice was calm,
And “Boys,” says he, “you don’t know me, and none of you care a damn;
But I want to state, and my words are straight, and I’ll bet my poke they’re true,
That one of you is a hound of hell. . .and that one is Dan McGrew.”

Then I ducked my head, and the lights went out, and two guns blazed in the dark,
And a woman screamed, and the lights went up, and two men lay stiff and stark.
Pitched on his head, and pumped full of lead, was Dangerous Dan McGrew,
While the man from the creeks lay clutched to the breast of the lady that’s known as Lou.

These are the simple facts of the case, and I guess I ought to know.
They say that the stranger was crazed with “hooch,” and I’m not denying it’s so.
I’m not so wise as the lawyer guys, but strictly between us two —
The woman that kissed him and — pinched his poke — was the lady that’s known as Lou.

It was the aerial equivalent of aiming a rifle at someone’s head

Friday, February 13th, 2026

Executive Orders by Tom ClancyI recently listened to the audiobook version of Tom Clancy’s Executive Orders, which was originally released in 1996 and picks up directly where Debt of Honor leaves off. I enjoyed that novel, about a nationalist Japanese plot to cripple the US economy and seize US-controlled islands, as a period piece from its publication date of 1994.

Debt of Honor infamously ends with a distraught Japanese airline pilot flying his airliner into the US Capitol building, and the first section of Executive Orders amounts to a DC procedural about reconstituting the federal government, with Jack Ryan thrust into the presidency and trying to lead with honesty and common sense, unlike a career politician — which Clancy finds plausible.

Then the Iranians take out Iraq’s dictator — never named, but obviously Saddam — and form a United Islamic Republic out of the two countries — which Clancy finds plausible.

They then doom themselves by trying to weaken the US with a variety of underhanded attacks sure to invoke America’s wrath, including an attempt to kidnap Ryan’s youngest daughter from her daycare, an attempt to assassinate Ryan himself, and an attempt to surreptitiously start an Ebola epidemic across the US. Executive Orders came out just two years after The Hot Zone and popularized the airborne Ebola bioterror scenario.

As we should all now know, a virus with an infection fatality rate of 80 percent but an R0 of 2 (or so) is exactly the kind of pathogen you can shut down with a quick, draconian lockdown — which the no-nonsense President Ryan orders. The cost-benefit analysis is rather different for an IFR of one percent and an R0 of 3 or more.

The most classically “Clancy” element of the story is the manufactured clash between Chinese and Taiwanese planes over the Strait, where the Chinese goad the Taiwanese by crossing the (invisible) line and then escalating from “searching” to “tracking”:

The closure rate was still a thousand miles per hour, and both sides had their missile-targeting radars up and running, aimed at each other. That was internationally recognized as an unfriendly act, and one to be avoided for the simple reason that it was the aerial equivalent of aiming a rifle at someone’s head.

The Chinese escalate further, drawing a US carrier to the Strait, leaving the Indians free to maneuver their fleet, between passes of US satellites.

At the end of the novel, President Ryan announces a new foreign policy doctrine, the “Ryan Doctrine”, under which the United States will hold personally accountable any foreign leader who orders attacks on U.S. citizens, territory, or possessions in the future.

Tom Clancy Speaks at the National Security Agency

Thursday, February 12th, 2026

I’ve been slowly working my way through the Tom Clancy novels, and I just stumbled across this old talk he gave at NSA, after writing his first two novels:

Public Domain Day 2026

Thursday, January 1st, 2026

January 1 is Public Domain Day:

Works from 1930 are open to all, as are sound recordings from 1925.

[…]

The literary highlights range from William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying to Agatha Christie’s The Murder at the Vicarage and the first four Nancy Drew novels. From cartoons and comic strips, the characters Betty Boop, Pluto (originally named Rover), and Blondie and Dagwood made their first appearances. Films from the year featured Marlene Dietrich, Greta Garbo, the Marx Brothers, and John Wayne in his first leading role. Among the public domain compositions are I Got Rhythm, Georgia on My Mind, and Dream a Little Dream of Me.

He never took lessons and never looked back

Friday, October 17th, 2025

Paul Daniel “Ace” Frehley, co-founder and lead guitarist of the legendary rock band Kiss, has died following injuries suffered during a fall last month, Variety reports:

In an era that preceded MTV, their performances were almost overwhelmingly visual and experiential, with explosions, elevators and more. Yet the mystique of Kiss was key: the bandmembers’ faces were not revealed for more than a decade, by which point Frehley and drummer Peter Criss had left the band. Frehley was known as “Space Ace” and cultivated an otherworldly image.

[…]

Paul Daniel Frehley was born to a musical family in the Bronx borough of New York City and received an electric guitar as a Christmas present in 1964. He never took lessons and never looked back: citing Jimi Hendrix, Buddy Guy, Jeff Beck, the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin and the Who as his primary influences, he began playing in bands as a teenager and purportedly acquired his nickname from friends based on his ability to score dates with girls.

He dropped out of high school after one of his bands, Cathedral, began earning money, but later returned and got his diploma. He continued playing and by 1971, one of his bands, Molimo, signed with RCA Records and recorded several unreleased songs for the label. But late the following year, a friend spotted an advertisement in the Village Voice that turned out to be for the lead guitar slot in the embryonic Kiss. Famously, Frehley went to the audition in Manhattan wearing one red sneaker and one orange one. Stanley, Simmons and Criss were dismayed by his appearance but sufficiently impressed with his fiery lead guitar work, and he was invited to join a few weeks later. The band, which was preceded by Stanley and Simmons’ previous group Wicked Lester, dubbed themselves Kiss in January 1973 and soon, inspired by the New York Dolls and Alice Cooper, began painting their faces and crafting outrageous costumes for their concerts.

[…]

Frehley’s abuse of drugs and alcohol grew worse, and in May of 1983, he was arrested following a high-speed chase on the Bronx River Parkway in his 1981 DeLorean. He was charged with DUI, reckless driving and leaving the scene of an accident after hitting four cars during the incident (luckily with no injuries). He spent two weeks in a hospital detox unit and was required to attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings.

Amazon has digitally removed guns from James Bond film key art

Saturday, October 4th, 2025

Last year, for April Fools, the James Bond fans at “MI6” ran a spoof news story about cigarettes being digitally removed from the James Bond films, and now Amazon has digitally removed guns from James Bond film key art:

Some covers have been achieved by cropping the image so the gun is outside the lower edge, but in some cases the images have been digitally manipulated to varying levels of success, including: Dr No (awkwardly folded arms), A View To A Kill (long arms), GoldenEye (contemplation), and Spectre (clumsily shortened empty holster).

James Bond Film Key Art without Firearms

Most of the focus in the national security ecosystem was on an assumed future of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency

Friday, September 19th, 2025

Ghost Fleet by P. W. Singer and August ColeP.W. Singer and August Cole explain which of the technologies or strategic predictions in Ghost Fleet have proven most prescient, and which haven’t developed as anticipated in their 2015 novel:

When we started working on Ghost Fleet in 2012, most of the focus in the national security ecosystem was on an assumed future of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency. In turn, there was a belief that the United States would be able to induce or even cajole China into becoming a partner with a shared stake in the rules-based international order created by the United States. Based on a mix of research on history, Chinese military doctrine, Chinese Communist Party messaging, as well as our gut instincts, we just didn’t see the next 20 years that way. Rather than non-fiction, we chose to use a new model we called “useful fiction” to blend research with narrative and explore how the future could very soon become one of great power competition and even outright globe-spanning conflict.

But it wasn’t just about the strategic environment. Many of the real technologies and trends we explored in the book, such as cyber weapons, a vulnerable American defense industrial supply chain, and ever-more autonomous drones, among others, were being regularly ignored or glossed over in plans and visions of future war. This also meant any war between China and the United States in the 21st century would play out differently than Cold War visions of World War III. What was then a novel take on great powers and new technologies all seem to have hit the mainstream, so to speak, today.

There are all sorts of other disquieting points that we’ve tracked over the years as what we call “Ghost Fleet moments” coming true. Just a few examples are deepening military ties between China and Russia, the U.S. Navy’s railgun program being retired too early, and the idea of an eccentric space-obsessed billionaire inserting himself into U.S. national security.

An aspect that we didn’t have room for in the novel was the wartime impact of information warfare and political division inside America. We provided a few scenes, including one during the opening of the conflict, where a young security guard at a civilian port films on his cell phone the very start of the conflict. All his followers knew the United States was at war at the same time that cyber attacks hammered the national command and control systems, effectively putting America’s military and civilian leadership in Washington in the dark. We also referred to a domestic movement of foreign-influenced isolationist politicians, who were very willing to accept defeat and China’s global hegemony, seeing the fight against it as not worth the toll. We even worked with a graphic designer to create a fictitious propaganda poster for this movement to drive the point home.

But if we were to refresh the novel today, we’d have way more in there. China and Russia have since made massive investments and doctrinal priorities in cognitive warfare, while the U.S. public and government have become more vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation.

In the novel, the Americans face a classic problem:

How do you police an empire when you’ve got a shrinking economy relative to the world’s and a population no longer so excited to meet those old commitments?

The Battlestar Galactica remake seems oddly prescient in its emphasis on cyber-warfare vulnerabilities. Early in Ghost Fleet, the DIA — “it was something like the CIA, but for the U.S. military” — gets compromised:

The idea of using covert radio signals to ride malware into a network unconnected to the wider Internet had actually been pioneered by the NSA, one of the DIA’s sister agencies. But like all virtual weapons, once it was deployed in the open cyberworld, it offered inspiration for anyone, including one’s enemies.

The Chinese take out American satellites with space-based lasers, rather than ground-based missiles:

The first target was WGS-4,16 a U.S. Air Force wideband gapfiller satellite. Shaped like a box with two solar wings, the 3,400-kilogram satellite had entered space in 2012 on top of a Delta 4 rocket launched from Cape Canaveral.

Costing over three hundred million dollars, the satellite offered the U.S. military and its allies 4.875 GHz of instantaneous switchable bandwidth, allowing it to move massive amounts of data. Through it ran the communications for everything from U.S. Air Force satellites to U.S. Navy submarines. It was also a primary node for the U.S. Space Command. The Pentagon had planned to put up a whole constellation of these satellites to make the network less vulnerable to attack, but contractor cost overruns had kept the number down to just six.

The Japanese are prepared for an attack from China, but not from the east:

This was a crucial component of the plan. He took a deep breath and waited, telling himself that the missiles were threats only if someone pushed the launch button. Japan’s Air Self-Defense Forces, however, were not authorized to fire on targets without permission from that country’s civilian leadership. The gamble was that permission wouldn’t come in time. Two decades of near-daily airspace incursions by Chinese aircraft would have desensitized the Japanese, plus their communications networks were supposed to have been knocked offline by cyber-attacks. At least, that was the plan.

The company is able to produce each episode for $1 or less

Saturday, September 13th, 2025

Inception Point AI is attempting to build a stable of AI talent to host podcasts :

“We believe that in the near future half the people on the planet will be AI, and we are the company that’s bringing those people to life,” said CEO Jeanine Wright, who was previously chief operating officer of podcasting company Wondery, which has recently had to reorganize under the changing podcast landscape.

The company is able to produce each episode for $1 or less, depending on length and complexity, and attach programmatic advertising to it. This generally means that if about 20 people listen to that episode, the company made a profit on that episode, without factoring in overhead.

Inception Point AI already has more than 5,000 shows across its Quiet Please Podcast Network and produces more than 3,000 episodes a week. Collectively, the network has seen 10 million downloads since September 2023. It takes about an hour to create an episode, from coming up with the idea to getting it out in the world.

The company produces different levels of podcasts. The lowest level involves weather reports for various geographic areas or simple biographies and higher levels involving subject-area podcasts hosted by one of about 50 AI personalities they’ve created, including food expert Claire Delish, gardener and nature expert Nigel Thistledown and Oly Bennet, who covers off-beat sports.

As for how it stacks up against human podcasts? “I think that people who are still referring to all AI-generated content as AI slop are probably lazy luddites. Because there’s a lot of really good stuff out there,” Wright said.

[…]

The idea behind the company came after Corbin accidentally developed a hit podcast during the pandemic in which he read daily CDC reports, and then branched out into weather reports and other shows that took off, including A Moment of Silence (an actual minute of silence). At the time, they were not using AI.

He’s no good to me dead

Wednesday, September 10th, 2025

Ryan Williamson explains how to murder an icon in seven episodes:

Let’s start with what made Boba Fett legendary in the first place. In The Empire Strikes Back, he appears in maybe ten minutes of screen time, speaks perhaps twenty words, and yet became one of the most beloved characters in the entire saga. How? Because those ten minutes were perfect.

Fett didn’t need exposition. He didn’t need backstory. He didn’t need to explain his motivations or philosophy of leadership. He was pure, distilled competence wrapped in battered armor. When Vader warns him “no disintegrations,” we immediately understand this isn’t a man who asks polite questions. When he tracks the Millennium Falcon to Cloud City while Imperial Star Destroyers fail, we see tactical brilliance in action. When he goes toe-to-toe with Luke Skywalker and nearly wins, we witness lethal skill.

Most importantly, he was economical. Every movement deliberate. Every word weighted. “He’s no good to me dead” tells you everything about his priorities, professionalism, and pragmatic worldview in six syllables. That’s masterful character work.

The mystique was everything. Fett represented the dangerous unknown—a wild card who operated by his own rules in a galaxy dominated by the Empire and Rebellion’s grand ideologies. He was the shark in the water, glimpsed but never fully revealed.

The Book of Boba Fett took that mystique and fed it through a wood chipper. Then set the wood chipper on fire. Then tossed the whole mess into deep space with a trebuchet.

Gone was the economical dialogue, replaced by endless speeches about ruling “with respect” instead of fear. Gone was the aura of quiet menace, replaced by a surprisingly chatty crime boss who felt compelled to explain his every decision. Gone was the tactical brilliance, replaced by a leader who seemed perpetually surprised by obvious betrayals and threats.

Most damaging of all, Disney made him safe. The man who once disintegrated people without hesitation became someone who agonized over moral choices. The predator became prey, constantly reacting to threats instead of eliminating them. The professional became an amateur, learning on the job how to run a criminal organization.

This wasn’t character development—it was character assassination.

How the Voice might work

Sunday, August 24th, 2025

Dune presents an order of highly trained experts in using the Voice, but I’ve seen little discussion of how this might work:

Your tone, pace, and even the pitch of your voice generate psychological responses. We’re wired to respond emotionally even before we process the words.

How to be taken seriously

People perceive lower voices as more confident and trustworthy, because we associate a lower pitch with authority. So, if you want to be taken seriously, like in a negotiation or conflict, drop your pitch just slightly and speak from your diaphragm.

[…]

How to sound in control

Now, if you want to sound in control, speak at a slower pace. Fast-talkers sound nervous. Slow your speech by 10 to 15 percent, and you’ll come across as more thoughtful, more powerful, and way more in control.

[…]

How to ask for a favor

But, if you want to ask for a favor, or if you’re trying to de-escalate tension, warmth and vocal smile actually matter more than confidence. Add just a touch of softness and upward inflection, and you’re good to go.

[…]

And you don’t have to be a pro voice-actor to do this. You just have to be intentional. And if you’re already doing this naturally, you’re actually using performance psychology.

The astronomer, like the Shinto priests, must climb his mountain

Thursday, August 21st, 2025

Percival Lowell (1855 – 1916), the founder of the Lowell Observatory, inspired Martian romances like A Princess of Mars in multiple ways:

Lowell, the liberally bankrolled son of a New England manufacturing dynasty, led an eccentric but not unproductive life, devoting himself in his twenties and thirties to the study of Far-Eastern religious practices and in the last half of his life to the study of the planet Mars. More people know of Lowell’s Martian obsession than know of his interest in the shamanic practices of the Koreans and Japanese, but the earlier fascination thoroughly informs the later one. Lowell’s theory of the fourth planet as the home of an immensely ancient and philosophical civilization in turn informs the generic Martian Romance, beginning with Burroughs’ “John Carter” trilogy, whose writer-imitators found their venues in the pulpy purveyances of commercial fiction, the bright covers of which would beckon to hungry souls from the display rack. Lowell wrote up his ethnological forays in a series of books, among them Chosön – the Land of Morning Calm (1886), Noto – an Unexplored Corner of Japan (1891), and Occult Japan – Shinto, Shamanism, and the Way of the Gods (1894). Occult Japan begins with Lowell’s first-hand description of a shamanic ritual at the crater-edge of Ontake, a dormant volcano in Kagoshima prefecture. Two young monks help a third to enter a trance whereupon an ancestral spirit possesses and speaks through the medium. “The veil was thrown aside,” Lowell writes; “we stood face to face with the gods.”[xii] Occult Japan ends with a long chapter, “Noumena,” wherein Lowell goes in quest of “that innermost something that each of us calls ‘I,’” “the essence of the Ego,” or “the Self.”[xiii] Perhaps the gods and the Self are, in fact, one.

The symbolic features of the Shinto landscape recur in Lowell’s books about Mars. Lowell built his observatory in 1894 on what came to be known as Mars Hill in the then non-populous desert-town of Flagstaff, in the Arizona Territory. The astronomer, like the Shinto priests, must climb his mountain. He must, as well, alter his perspective. In The Evolution of Worlds (1910), Lowell writes that, whereas “astronomy is usually thought of as the study of the bodies visible in the sky” and is thought to concern itself only with “the present state of the universe”; the astronomer in fact “attempt[s] to peer into [the universe’s] past and to foresee its future.”[xiv] The astronomer deals, counter-intuitively, less with the visible than with “the contemplation of the invisible” through apperception “by the mind’s eye.”[xv] In Mars and its Canals (1906), having proven by his own lights the inhabited status of that world, Lowell writes that the Martians must qualify as “life of a high order,” in that “where the conditions of life have grown more difficult, mentality must characterize more and more its beings in order for them to survive.”[xvi] A certain rather Puritanical attitude might, Lowell grants, determine that “the very strangeness of Martian life precludes for it an appeal to human interest,” but quite the opposite is the case: “The less the life there proves a counterpart of our earthly state of things, the more it fires fancy and piques inquiry as to what it be.”[xvii] It matters little to Lowell whether the intellectual establishment acknowledges his argument. He quite candidly reveals himself as more the seer and adventurer than the staid man of science. It might be significant that in his youth, before his independence, he spent six years running a cotton-mill for his father. Lowell declares, and in so doing fuses himself with the science-fiction aficionado transfixed by a magazine cover on a high rack, that, in aging, “we but exchange… the romance of fiction for the more thrilling romance of fact,” and “the stranger the realization the better we are pleased.”[xviii]

Evil, when it appears, is distinguished by refinement and good breeding

Monday, August 4th, 2025

The rise of the young-adult novel is the most significant literary event of this century, Tanner Greer argues:

The story takes place in a world not quite modern. Different devices might be used for this purpose. In some series, this means a future so dystopic that the earth has retrogressed to an earlier age; in others, fully modern settings serve as camouflage for a clandestine society whose language, dress, and grooming evoke a more aristocratic past. Thus, Harry Potter’s wizarding world has steam locomotives but not a single television set, Bella’s love interest is literally an Edwardian gentleman, and the dystopian landscape of The Hunger Games is a pastiche of Dust Bowl America and interwar Europe. Other YA series take the genre’s love affair with the turn of the twentieth century even further, placing their teenage heroes in a steampunk-inspired or magic-infused Victorian past. In all cases, the fictional society of the YA novel is classy. Beneath its repressed social rules and rigid social hierarchies is an elegance not found in the mundane humdrum of twenty-first-century America. Evil, when it appears, is distinguished by refinement and good breeding.

From Harry Potter onward, the speculative YA novelist has been enthralled by dreams and nightmares of the clandestine. Under the surface of normal life exists a hidden world more vital, dazzling, and dangerous than most people ever realize. The YA heroine may enter this society as a stranger, but eventually discovers that she (more often, the hero is female) is the fulcrum upon which this new world turns — and becomes aware of the many powerful individuals in this world plotting to use her to turn it.

This is the defining feature of the YA fictional society: powerful, inscrutable authorities with a mysterious and obsessive interest in the protagonist. Sometimes the hidden hands of this hidden world are benign. More often, they do evil. But the intentions behind these spying eyes do not much matter. Be they vile or kind, they inevitably create the kind of protagonist about whom twenty-first century America loves to read: a young hero defined by her frustration with, or outright hostility toward, every system of authority that she encounters.

[…]

The modern-day fairy tale is not at peace with HR. Our fairy realm’s preoccupation with the problems of the micromanaged life resonates. Its paranoia reflects a culture that has lost faith in its own ruling class. The YA novel’s adolescent attitude toward authority speaks to the experiences of the many millions shaken by their own impotence. The mania for dystopia is a literary sensation custom-made for the frustrations of our age.

Not only do they prohibit discrimination on the grounds of race, creed, and color, but also on the grounds of ability

Tuesday, July 29th, 2025

Tom Lehrer just passed away at the age of 97. I associate him with “New Math” and “Werner von Braun,” but Matthew Petti of Reason says he’s best known for his periodic table song and his Harvard fight song:

Lehrer’s comedic career took off in the 1950s, in between his military service and his mathematics studies at Harvard. Then, suddenly, he retreated from the public eye, refusing all publicity—except for an occasional sarcastic take about how pointless everything is. “Political satire became obsolete when Henry Kissinger was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize,” he quipped after Kissinger won the prize in 1973. “I don’t want to satirize George Bush and his puppeteers, I want to vaporize them,” Lehrer declared in 2003.

[…]

“Every great war produces its great hit songs…It occurred to me that if any songs are going to come out of World War III, we’d better start writing them now. I have one here,” Lehrer said in the introduction to “So Long Mom,” a song by a nuclear bomber pilot promising to see his mother “when the war is over, an hour and a half from now.”

An even more nihilistic variation on the same theme, “We Will All Go Together When We Go,” promises the end of all suffering, because “if the bomb that drops on you/gets your friends and neighbors too/there’ll be nobody left behind to grieve.”

Some of Lehrer’s songs touch on a very specific anxiety of the early Cold War, the sense of whiplash from watching (West) Germany transform from an enemy into an ally. “Once all the Germans were warlike and mean/But that couldn’t happen again/We taught them a lesson in 1918/And they’ve hardly bothered us since then…Heil—uh, hail, the Wehrmacht—I mean the Bundeswehr,” he sang in “Multilateral Force Lullaby.”

There was a rumor that Wernher von Braun, the ex-Nazi rocket scientist turned NASA manager, sued Lehrer for singing that von Braun was “a man whose allegiance is ruled by expedience” and should receive some credit for “the widows and cripples in old London town who owe their large pensions to Wernher von Braun.” Lehrer later clarified that the lawsuit never happened.

[…]

Given the frequent nuclear themes in his songs, many had assumed that Lehrer’s military service had to do with nuclear weapons, especially because he spent time at Los Alamos National Laboratory. But Lehrer revealed in a 1994 interview that he had actually been drafted into the National Security Agency (NSA), the shadowy electronic eavesdropping organization that Edward Snowden blew the whistle on decades later.

At the time Lehrer worked there, the very existence of the NSA was classified information. (NSA stands for “No Such Agency,” he joked to his former Harvard classmate Jeremy Bernstein, who wrote about the quip in Quantum Profiles.) While the NSA values mathematicians for their codebreaking skills, Lehrer was not exactly the model intelligence officer.

When he learned that alcohol would be banned at his base’s Christmas party, Lehrer and a friend mixed vodka into gelatin to get drunk on the sly. The event is often considered the invention of the Jell-O shot, though Lehrer himself laughed off the idea that he should get all the credit.

“The Army has carried the American democratic ideal to its logical conclusion in the sense that not only do they prohibit discrimination on the grounds of race, creed, and color, but also on the grounds of ability,” Lehrer said in the introduction to “It Makes a Fellow Proud to Be a Soldier,” his proposed new U.S. Army anthem.

The subterranean humanity was nonsense

Friday, May 30th, 2025

Invented to make beef last through a long voyage, Bovril became a famous British kitchen staple:

Less well-known is its link to an odd, pioneering science fiction novel.

A stout black jar of Bovril with a cheery red top lurks in many a British kitchen, next to tins of treacle and boxes of tea. The gooey substance, made of rendered-down beef, salt and other ingredients, can be spread on toast or made into a hot drink, but what many people don’t realise is that this old-fashioned comfort food has a surprising link to science fiction.

The “Bov” part of the name is easy enough to decipher — from “bovine”, meaning associated with cattle. But the “vril” bit? That’s a different story, literally.

In 1871, an anonymous novel was published about a race of super-humans living underground. The narrator of The Coming Race, who has fallen into their realm during a disastrous descent into a mine shaft, is shocked to learn that they are telepathic, thanks to the channeling of a mysterious energy called vril.

“Through vril conductors, they can exercise influence over minds, and bodies animal and vegetable, to an extent not surpassed in the romances of our mystics,” the narrator realises. Vril gives them strength, as well, rendering them capable of incredible feats. The people call themselves the Vril-Ya, and their society seems in many ways superior to that of the surface dwellers.

The Coming Race was a runaway bestseller. It eventually became clear that the anonymous author was Edward Bulwer-Lytton, the prominent politician and writer (and, to give you a sense of his prose, the first person to start a novel: “It was a dark and stormy night…”). It became such a cultural touchstone that 20 years later, the Royal Albert Hall in London played host to the Vril-Ya Bazaar and Fete, to raise money for a school of massage “and electricity”.

In 1895, a writer for The Guardian newspaper started a review of a new novel with this statement: “The influence of the author of The Coming Race is still powerful, and no year passes without the appearance of stories which describe the manners and customs of peoples in imaginary worlds, sometimes in the stars above, sometimes in the heart of unknown continents in Australia or at the Pole, and sometimes below the waters under the earth.” The work under review? The Time Machine, by H G Wells.

And so you can see how, in the 1870s, when John Johnston, Scottish meat entrepreneur, was coming up with a name for his bottled beef extract, “vril” was a tip-of-the-tongue reference.

[…]

Johnston and other makers of the substance were responding to a demand for beef products in Europe, where raising cattle was prohibitively expensive, and the growth of cattle ranches in South America, Australia and Canada.

There was no way to get fresh meat from these far-flung places to Europe. But rendering the meat down into a paste and sealing it in jars yielded a shelf-stable product that could make the long journeys involved. (Johnston was not the only player in the meat extract game — Justus von Liebig, one of the founders of organic chemistry, founded Leibig’s Extract of Meat Company to commercialise his process. The company later went on to produce Oxo bouillon cubes and Fray Bentos pies.)

How do you make a salty meat paste sound nourishing? By linking it to a fantastical substance with great powers. An excitable advert for Bovril in the program from the Vril-Ya Bazaar reads, “Bo-VRIL is the materialised ideal of the gifted author of ‘The Coming Race’… it will exert a marvellous influence on the system, exhilarating without subsequent depression, and increasing the mental and physical vitality without taxing the digestive organs. It is a tonic as well as a food, and forms the most Perfect Nourishment known to Science.”

[…]

Members of the theosophy movement, including the spiritualist medium Madame Blavatsky, claimed that vril was real. Willy Ley, a German rocket enthusiast writing about conspiracy theories in Germany during the rise of the Nazis in the magazine Astounding Science Fiction, said there was a society in Berlin that believed in vril: “They knew that the book was fiction, Bulwer-Lytton had used that device in order to be able to tell the truth about this ‘power’.

“The subterranean humanity was nonsense, Vril was not. Possibly it had enabled the British, who kept it as a State secret, to amass their colonial empire.”

I have discussed the pursuit of the almighty vril before.