Mike Hughes and Jake Zweig

Friday, October 7th, 2011

Top Shot season 3 competitor Mike Hughes had some trouble with the Walther P-38 in the last elimination challenge:

Technically, I struggled with the P-38 going into a slide-lock like state. Did not figure it out until too late, but my thumb base was raking the slide that is wider than the frame. My commentary was actually after the challenge. Uggg, so the slide would stick and with my callous on the base of my thumb I didn’t really notice the engagement. When I went to clear, the slide would drop, but I lost grip, rhythm, etc. Not on every shot but I recall it happening a lot during the competition. very very frustrating, but again, my fault, equipment is what it is and I needed to adapt.

Mike may have been eliminated, but through his company, Next Level Training, he is delighted to offer Jake Zweig targets.

Delay Kindergarten at Your Child’s Peril

Friday, October 7th, 2011

One in 11 children in the US get “redshirted” by their parents, but you delay kindergarten at your child’s peril, Sam Wang and Sandra Aamodt warn:

Teachers may encourage redshirting because more mature children are easier to handle in the classroom and initially produce better test scores than their younger classmates. In a class of 25, the average difference is equivalent to going from 13th place to 11th. This advantage fades by the end of elementary school, though, and disadvantages start to accumulate. In high school, redshirted children are less motivated and perform less well. By adulthood, they are no better off in wages or educational attainment — in fact, their lifetime earnings are reduced by one year.

In short, the analogy to athletics does not hold. The question we should ask instead is: What approach gives children the greatest opportunity to learn?

Parents who want to give their young children an academic advantage have a powerful tool: school itself. In a large-scale study at 26 Canadian elementary schools, first graders who were young for their year made considerably more progress in reading and math than kindergartners who were old for their year (but just two months younger). In another large study, the youngest fifth-graders scored a little lower than their classmates, but five points higher in verbal I.Q., on average, than fourth-graders of the same age. In other words, school makes children smarter.

The benefits of being younger are even greater for those who skip a grade, an option available to many high-achieving children. Compared with nonskippers of similar talent and motivation, these youngsters pursue advanced degrees and enter professional school more often. Acceleration is a powerful intervention, with effects on achievement that are twice as large as programs for the gifted. Grade-skippers even report more positive social and emotional feelings.

These differences may come from the increased challenges of a demanding environment. Learning is maximized not by getting all the answers right, but by making errors and correcting them quickly. In this respect, children benefit from being close to the limits of their ability. Too low an error rate becomes boring, while too high an error rate is unrewarding. A delay in school entry may therefore still be justified if children are very far behind their peers, leaving a gap too broad for school to allow effective learning.

I’m not sure why we should assume that all or most children should follow the same strategy.

Three Logicians Walk into a Bar

Friday, October 7th, 2011

Three logicians walk into a bar:

Waitress: Does everyone want beer?

Logician 1: I don’t know.

Logician 2: I don’t know.

Logician 3: Yes!

If you don’t get it, keep puzzling for a minute.

Give up? Here’s your hint: If you’re not a logician, “Does everyone want beer?” means something like, “Each of you, confirm or deny that you want a beer.” If you are a logician, it means, “Is it true that every single one of you wants a beer?” — which any one person can deny.

(Hat tip to Ian Ayres.)

Fascism is not merely dictatorship

Friday, October 7th, 2011

Fascism is not merely dictatorship, William S. Lind explains:

The core idea of fascism is will as the highest virtue. Fascism sought to drop the whole Judeo-Christian content of Western culture and return to the values of the classical world, where power was the greatest good. (What astonished Greeks and Romans about Christianity was not that it had a Savior who died and rose from the dead; many eastern mystery cults claimed the same. What astonished them was that these Christians’ God said, “I came not to be served, but to serve.”) To fascists, the exercise of power, will, was the supreme moral act.

This was a serious error, because it turned an instrumental value, will, into a substantive value. In reality, will is good or evil depending upon what is willed. By attempting to turn will into a substantive value, fascism destroyed itself: will led to Mussolini’s entry into World War II (had he remained neural, like Franco, he would probably have survived Hitler’s defeat), to Hitler’s offhand declaration of war on America (even after Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt would have had trouble getting an offensive declaration of war on Germany through Congress) and, ultimately, to the Holocaust: when the Nazis’ original aim of expelling the Jews from Europe became impossible because there was no place to send them, will demanded a Final Solution.

Not A Single Afghan Battalion Fights Without U.S. Help

Thursday, October 6th, 2011

Not a single Afghan battalion fights without U.S. help, Spencer Ackerman reports — and that’s not about to change:

Ten years of war. Two years of an accelerated effort to train Afghans to take over that fight, at an annual cost of $6 billion. And not a single Afghan army battalion can operate without assistance from U.S. or allied units.

That was the assessment made by the officer responsible for training those Afghan soldiers, Lt. Gen. William Caldwell. Out of approximately 180 Afghan National Army battalions, only two operate “independently.” Except that “independently,” in Caldwell’s National Training Mission-Afghanistan command, means something different than “independently” does in the States.

Those two “independent” battalions still require U.S. support for their maintenance, logistics and medical systems,” Caldwell admitted when Pentagon reporters pressed him on Monday morning.

“Today, we haven’t developed their systems to enable them to do that yet,” Caldwell said.

Building up foreign armies isn’t easy. During 2008’s battle for Basra, Iraqi forces relied heavily on U.S. and British support — and still saw more than a thousand desertions. That was four years after then Maj. Gen. David Petraeus took over the training of the Iraqi military.

For the past two years, Caldwell’s overseen a big push to expand, professionalize and train Afghan soldiers and cops. Caldwell has gotten bodies into uniforms: the Afghan army and police total 305,516 today, up from 196,508 last December, and they’re “on track,” Caldwell says, to reach 352,000 by November 2012.

Caldwell praised Afghan police officers during the Taliban’s audacious attack on Kabul earlier this month. Two separate cops “literally did a bear hug” on separate suicide bombers in different places around the city, sacrificing themselves in the process. “Policemen were doing heroic deeds,” Caldwell said.

But most of Afghanistan’s men in uniform can’t read at a kindergarten level, much less understand the instrument panels on a helicopter or the serial numbers on their rifles.

That’s one reason why it’ll be years before the U.S. takes its training wheels off the Afghan soldiers’ bikes. Although the Obama administration plans to turn the war over to forces Caldwell trains by 2014, Caldwell told Danger Room in June that the Afghans will need U.S. training until as late as 2017.

That is, if attrition doesn’t get in the way. Caldwell expressed alarm that 1.4 percent of Afghan cops and 2.3 percent of Afghan soldiers walk off the job every month, saying that if “left unchecked [attrition] could undo much of the progress made to date.” Yet last week, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta testified that attrition rates are “as much as three percent per month.

Tank-Infantry Teamwork

Thursday, October 6th, 2011

Printed after V-E Day, but before V-J Day, Combat Lessons, No. 9 explains some hard-won lessons on tank-infantry teamwork:

Says the Battalion Commander of the 175th Infantry: “To make him realize the limited vision and field of fire and the closed-off feeling of the tankers, every infantryman should be given a ride in a buttoned-up tank. One such ride does a lot to counteract the infantryman’s dread of a tank attack and to increase his faith in his own ability to resist tanks.”
[...]
From a 36th Infantry Division training memorandum: “When infantry and tanks are used together, the tanks’ primary targets are enemy machine guns and riflemen. Tanks will also make paths through wire and anti- personnel mines and break up any counterattack . . .

“If infantry does not come up with tanks within a reasonable time, a section or more of tanks should be sent back to investigate. The delay will usually have been caused by enemy MG’s previously overlooked by the tanks.”

From the XXIV Corps on Leyte: “Infantrymen must protect the tanks by fire to prevent the enemy from ambushing the tanks. Ground distance between tanks and infantry is dependent upon the ability of the infantry to cover the tanks by effective fire.”
[...]
From the 774th Tank Battalion: “We gained surprise in using our light tanks with infantry in woods by having the tanks follow the infantry from phase line to phase line. When resistance was met, the tanks would go up quickly (with guides) and spray enemy positions with canister and .30-caliber machine-gun fire. One section of tanks was assigned to each assault rifle company. Mine removers moved just behind the infantry and cleared routes for the tanks. The infantrymen checked all clearings for antitank positions.

“When possible, the tanks moved off the trails and covered one another. On each tank the bow gunner covered the area to the left, and the coaxial gunner covered the area to the right.

“Two infantrymen rode each tank; one was an automatic rifleman and the other manned the tank anti-aircraft gun. Both carried grenades and used the turret for protection. It was found best to assign a definite field of fire to each.

“Four mines and fuzes to be used by the infantry for local protection were carried in each tank.”

A report from Headquarters XIV Corps includes these comments on target designation: “Jap pillboxes are usually extremely well hidden and tanks are almost blind in thick vegetation or undergrowth. For these reasons, prime consideration should be given to target designation. Tank obstacles as well as targets should be designated to the tank commander by the infantry squad leader whenever possible.

“Tracer fire proved unsatisfactory for designating targets to the tanks. The best method was the use of red or violet smoke grenades. The full-charge grenade produces too much smoke and obscures the target. However, if the fuze is unscrewed from the grenade and half the charge removed, an adequate amount of smoke will be produced.”

“Rifle projection of the grenade is desirable for longer ranges. Best results are obtained by arming the grenade before firing as this will then give a trail of smoke to the target.”

A G-2 on Okinawa comments as follows: “Infantry must be trained to work with the tank so that the Jap is killed before he reaches the tank. The Jap has a nasty habit of running up to tanks with satchel charges, bangalore torpedoes, or antitank mines and attempting to stay with the tank until both tank and Jap are destroyed. If he is not killed before he gets to a halted tank, the damage to the tank is usually assured. This is especially true when tanks are employed in villages and towns.”

The tank may have a big gun, but its crew needs extra eyes on the outside.

Two Models for Fighting Fourth Generation War

Thursday, October 6th, 2011

William S. Lind names two models for fighting Fourth Generation war: the de-escalation model and the Hama model, based on what Hafez al-Assad did to the Moslem Brotherhood in the Syrian city of Hama — he flattened the place:

We draw one critically important point from Martin van Creveld: you can use either model with some hope of success, but if you fall between the two, you will certainly fail. If you are going to be brutal, it has to be over fast. If you can’t get it over fast, you must de-escalate.

We stress that in fighting 4GW, “less is more.” Try to keep your physical presence small, if possible so small you are invisible. If you can’t do that, then keep your footprint small in time – get in and get out, fast. Finally, if you have to take the least desirable route, invading and occupying another state, you must do everything you can to preserve that state at the same time you are defeating it. As we see in Iraq, if you destroy the state itself, there is a good chance nobody will be able to recreate it.

Getting down more to specifics, we stress that 4GW is above all light infantry war — real light infantry, jaegers, not what the U.S. calls light infantry, which is just line infantry with less equipment. We talk about “Out G-ing the G,” in Hackworth’s phrase. We discuss your most important supporting weapon: cash. We go into how to integrate your men with the local population (American-style “force protection” makes this impossible). We look at how intelligence changes in 4GW (humint is everything, and IPB goes out the window) and how to win the fight at the mental and moral levels.

Augmented Reality for Chemists

Wednesday, October 5th, 2011

Art Olson of the Scripps Research Institute explains augmented reality for chemists:

Explaining the Perverse Impact of Double Taxation With a Chart

Wednesday, October 5th, 2011

Daniel Mitchell tries to explain the perverse impact of double taxation with a chart:

The White Party

Wednesday, October 5th, 2011

When I was a freshman in undergrad — lo those many years ago — fulfilling my breadth requirements, I had to sit through a Humanities Core lecture in which the professor explained that the platform of the Republican party is racism — which was (1) so obvious to him that it required no support, and (2) so obviously evil that he simply knew that he’d undone all the brainwashing his young charges had endured under their parents’ tyrannical rule.

Like it or not though, Ron Unz notes, today’s Republican Party does indeed constitute the “white party,” drawing almost all of its national votes from whites, while the Democratic Party serves as the “mixed party,” with roughly comparable support from whites and non-whites.

Therefore, white support for Republicans, particularly at the national level, may serve as a reasonable proxy for a state’s apparent degree of “white racial consciousness,” whether implicit or explicit.

Under the “Sailer Hypothesis,” white alignment with the Republicans should be heavily influenced by the white share of the population, with the residents of lily-white states exhibiting little racial consciousness, while those living in states in which whites have slender or non-existent majorities would tilt much more heavily Republican. A second possibility to consider might be called the “Hispanic Hypothesis,” in which the heavy influx of Hispanic immigrants, both legal and illegal, pushes whites toward the harder-line Republicans; since the vast majority of today’s Hispanics come from a relatively recent immigrant background, a state’s overall Hispanic population can be used as a good approximation for this independent variable. Finally, there is the “Black Hypothesis,” in which the long history of black/white racial conflict is assumed to be the primary factor, and the percentage of blacks in the local population is what generally influences white political behavior.

For the sake of simplicity and to minimize the confounding impact of local political issues and personalities, the easiest output variable to examine would be the percentage of the white vote that supported the Republican presidential ticket over the last 20 years. On a population-weighted basis, the correlation results for elections from 1992 through 2008 across the 50 states are as shown in the chart below.

The results seem conclusive. The correlations between the Hispanic percentage of each state and white voter preferences are approximately zero for all presidential elections, implying that the presence of large Hispanic populations appears to have virtually no impact upon white political alignment, either one way or the other.

By contrast, the evidence for apparent black/white racial conflict being the driving force that prompts whites to vote Republican seems very strong: the correlations between the size of the black population and the degree of white GOP support range from 0.43 to 0.70, with a mean of 0.55, being both quite substantial and very consistent over time.

World War I Was Unnecessary

Wednesday, October 5th, 2011

World War I was unnecessary, Niall Ferguson explains:

(Hat tip to Kalim Kassam.)

Everything is fine with us, except we need more money

Wednesday, October 5th, 2011

When bureaucracies fail, William S. Lind notes, one of their favorite ways to deflect demands for reform is to offer reorganization instead:

The intelligence agencies themselves, like all bureaucracies, hate airing dirty linen. Doing so offers policy-makers a look inside the agency itself, which in turn invites demands for further freeform. Like the military services, the intelligence agencies want to offer policy-makers a single, agreed option, coupled with the message, “Everything is fine with us, except we need more money.”

The policy-makers, in turn, are mostly elected politicians who avoid making decisions and taking responsibility. What they want from our intelligence agencies is an agreed consensus they can use to cover their own backsides politically. If they go along with the consensus and the result is disaster, they can say, “Blame it on those guys. We just acted on what they told us.” But if they get competing estimates they have to actually think about, they end up responsible for the final decision and its outcome. So, in the end, both the politicos and the bureaucrats have common interest in giving the nation reorganization, not reform. That makes the outcome 99% certain.

Jake Zweig

Tuesday, October 4th, 2011

Anyone watching Top Shot season 3 has seen Jake Zweig, the Navy SEAL, act like a perfect heel, but his real life sounds quite interesting — three-time Washington State science fair winner, state wrestling champion, Naval Academy grad, etc. — with both highs and lows, some you might expect, and some you wouldn’t:

I went to the Navy prep school because I came out of High School not really knowing how to read to well. So the first week at Prep School Jim Golladay who was the first Navy seal to graduate from the academy received the bronze star for his actions in Panama. I didn’t know what a Navy Seal was but I knew about Army Rangers and Green Berets and that’s all what I wanted to do growing up next to Fort Lewis,All the people I knew and my friends parents were in the Army. So that’s what started me down that path.

I will say this, I am not a very good conformist, so to say I didn’t fit in well at the naval academy is an understatement, I tried to conform but I am just not a good conformist. I played football there and wrestled til my senior year.

I didn’t get a Seal billet out of the Naval academy because I had been in a little trouble there, nothing big, just conduct problems. They said once you get your qualification on a ship we will pick you up, so I went there and got qualified in six months. It normally takes 18-24 months but I was working 100-110 hour weeks and eventually I got my Surface Warfare Officer Pin, and got picked up on the first lateral transfer board to Seal teams. I spent another year on the ship and reported to Seal training in 1997.

So what inspired you to go for the Seal Team?

It wasn’t really that it was an inspiration, it was that they were doing the things I wanted to do, traveling the world. I wasn’t doing it for the glory, I had the unfortunate chance to get shot in high school so I wasn’t oblivious to gunfights.

Wait, you got shot in High School? Where?

In my hip.

Does it give you trouble walking or running?

No, but the bullet is still in my hip, the doctors couldn’t get it out. I went to the Navy academy the month after it happened.

It didn’t affect you in training?

No, I was out running the next day, it didn’t hit me in any important areas.

So why did you decide not to do Military as a career?

It was interesting, Being a Seal is a job that looks great from the outside but you have to give up your whole life to be a Navy Seal, the Divorce rate is 98% in the Seal teams so the people who tell you that you can have a family and be a seal don’t know what they are talking about. It came down to I didn’t think we were going to War and I wanted to have a family so I decided to go to Michigan and get my Masters in Business Administration. I am still involved with Omega Psi Phi my fraternity from the Naval Academy and what I will do is take these helmets they get and paint them up with their insignias and colors and then send it back to them.

When did you get out of the Seals?

I got out in May of 2001, right before everything started.

His undergrad degree is in computer science, and he has an MBA as well. Oh, and he’s an artist, too — when he’s not coaching football.

America’s Racial Transformation

Tuesday, October 4th, 2011

Ron Unz notes that the racial transformation in America’s national population may be without precedent in human history:

Last June the U.S. Census disclosed that non-white births in America were on the verge of surpassing the white total and might do so as early as the end of this year. Such an event marks an unprecedented racial watershed in American history. Over the last few years, various demographic projections from that same agency and independent analysts have provided somewhat fluctuating estimates of the date — perhaps 2042 or 2037 or 2050 — at which white Americans will become a minority. This represents a remarkable, almost unimaginable, demographic change from our country of the early 1960s, when whites accounted for over 85 percent of the population and seemed likely to remain at that level indefinitely.

Many years of heavy foreign immigration have been the crucial element driving this transformation, but even if all immigration — legal and illegal — were halted tomorrow and the border completely sealed, these demographic trends would continue, although at a much slower pace. Today, the median age of American whites is over 40, putting most of them past their prime child-bearing years. Meanwhile, America’s largest minority group, the rapidly growing population of Hispanics, has a median age in the mid-20s, near the peak of family formation and growth, while both Asians and blacks are also considerably younger than whites. In fact, since 1995 births rather than immigration have been the largest factor behind the near doubling of America’s Hispanic population.

As in most matters, public perceptions of America’s racial reality are overwhelmingly shaped by the images absorbed from the national media and Hollywood, whether these are realistic or not. For example, over the last generation the massive surge in black visibility in sports, movies, and TV has led to the widespread perception of a similarly huge growth in the black fraction of the population, which, according to Gallup, most people now reckon stands at 33 percent or so of the national total. Yet this is entirely incorrect. During the last hundred-plus years, American blacks have seen their share of the population fluctuate by merely a percentage point or two, going from 11.6 percent in 1900 to 12.6 percent in 2010. By contrast, five decades of immigration have caused Asian Americans — relatively ignored by the news, sports, and entertainment industries — to increase from 0.5 percent in 1960 to 5 percent today, following the fifteen-fold rise in their numbers which has established them as America’s most rapidly growing racial group, albeit from a small initial base.

These national changes in racial distribution have been quite uneven and geographically skewed, with some parts of the country leading and others lagging. For example, during the 1970s when I was a teenager growing up in the Los Angeles area, that city and the surrounding sprawl of Southern California constituted America’s whitest region, about the only large urban agglomeration whose racial character approximated that of the country as a whole — around 85 percent white — and my own San Fernando Valley area in particular exemplified the popular image of suburban picket fences and lighthearted “Leave It to Beaver” family comedies. Yet during the two decades that followed, Southern California underwent an enormous immigration-driven demographic transformation, creating a new Los Angeles which was almost 80 percent non-white and a surrounding region in which whites no longer held even a mere plurality.

This sweeping racial shift, involving the movement or displacement of over ten million people, might easily rank as the largest in the peacetime history of the world and is probably matched by just a handful of the greatest population changes brought about by war. The racial transformation in America’s national population may be without precedent in human history.

Do all failing militaries change their terminology frequently?

Tuesday, October 4th, 2011

Do all failing militaries change their terminology frequently?

That aside is from William S. Lind, discussing the global “battlespace” — what used to be called a “battlefield” — from the militant Islamist perspective and the spillover from America’s adventures in the Islamic world.