Army transforms recruit training

Monday, August 23rd, 2010

I mentioned a few months ago that the Army was dropping bayonet training from its boot camp — or Basic Combat Training. That’s not the only change, of course, and the Army’s own story sounds a bit defensive:

First, United States Training and Doctrine Command public affairs wanted to dispel any rumors the training has become “softer.” In a press release they stated with an extra week of training, the warrior tasks and battle drills have been refined and are now geared toward training fewer and more relevant tasks, well.

“It’s not soft. It’s just different and the physical training has become a lot more regimented and more battle-focused. It’s focused on training more people to achieve that initial basic training standard while mitigating injuries,” explained Capt. Kyle Lippold, commander of G Battery, 1st Battalion, 79th Field Artillery.
[...]
One major revamp was to the traditional physical training of pushups, sit-ups and long runs.The new physical readiness training is geared toward progression.

“A lot of these Soldiers come in and haven’t been in physical activities in high school so we start out with a preparation drill to warm up the muscles and go on from there,” said Sgt. 1st Class Zachary Parrish, who is a Fort Sill drill sergeant. “It used to be you take a Soldier and without the progression you may be putting too much on that Soldier. They’re going to inevitably get hurt.”

He said he’s seen less injuries so far with the new crawl, walk, run methodology. Even in the beginning if some of the Soldiers are more physically fit, he said they all progress to the end state where a rigorous workout is safe for everyone.

The Army is also taking a more holistic approach focusing on nutrition as well to keep Soldiers healthy and resilient.

“We talk nutrition from day one. The health of the Soldier is the bottom line. They’re going to be ineffective if they’re in sick call, so we make sure they get time to eat and that the food they’re eating is good for them,” said Parrish.

Why does Europe hate the Roma so much?

Monday, August 23rd, 2010

A naive, progressive American asks, Why does Europe hate the Roma so much?, wondering if the attitude there toward gypsies is “baseless racism like here in the states with Mexicans.” Go read the responses.

Giving Charlie Chan A Second Chance

Monday, August 23rd, 2010

NPR considers giving Charlie Chan a second chance:

Depending on your cultural politics, you’ll find the following scene from the 1934 film Charlie Chan in London either charming or wince-making: Our venerable detective is being congratulated by a British official for his cleverness in discovering the true identity of a dastardly criminal. The actor who played Charlie Chan in that and 40 other films was Warner Oland; like Sidney Toler, the actor who succeeded him in the role, Oland was Caucasian — Swedish, in fact! But, to Hollywood, Oland looked vaguely Asiatic. To play Chan, Oland merely brushed his eyebrows up and had a few drinks to make his speech more halting and to put a grin on his face — like the perpetually congenial Chinese sleuth. Offensive, right?

But, before we condemn Oland’s “Yellowface” incarnation of Charlie Chan, consider this next curious bit of film history: In 1933, Oland made a trip to Shanghai, where he was celebrated by movie audiences there for bringing to life the first positive Chinese character in American film. (After all, compared with the venal Dr. Fu Manchu, whom Oland had also played in the movies, Chan was a hero.) The nascent Chinese film industry then got busy making a series of homegrown Charlie Chan movies. According to contemporary accounts, the Chinese actor who played Chan scrupulously copied the white Oland’s Chinese screen mannerisms and speech. Cultural cross-pollination at work at its most endearing — or dismaying.

Snobbery

Sunday, August 22nd, 2010

Snobbery is easier to recognise than to define, Theodore Dalrymple says:

The definition of a snob in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary is inadequate. The Penguin English Dictionary does much better. It defines a snob as ‘Someone who tends to patronize or avoid those regarded as social inferiors; someone who blatantly attempts to cultivate or imitate those admired as social superiors; someone who has an air of smug superiority in matters of knowledge or taste.’ The same dictionary defines ‘inverted snob’ as one ‘who sneers indiscriminately at people and things associated with wealth and high society.’ One possible derivation of the word snob is from the Latin sine nobilitate, without nobility.

I doubt whether there is anyone in a modern society who is entirely free of snobbery of some sort, straight or inverted. After all, everyone needs someone to look down on, and the psychological need is the more urgent the more meritocratic a society becomes. This is because, in a meritocracy, a person’s failure is his own, whether of ability, character or effort. In a society in which roles are ascribed at birth and are more or less unchangeable, failure to rise by one’s own achievement is nothing to be ashamed of. To remain at, or worse still to sink down to, the bottom of the pile is humiliating only where a man can go from log cabin to White House. Of course, no society is a pure meritocracy and none allows of absolutely no means of social ascent either; thus my typology is a very rough one, and is not meant to suggest that there is ever a society in which the socially subordinate are perfectly happy with their lot or are universally discontented with it. But it does help to explain why justice, of the kind according which everyone receives his deserts, might not necessarily conduce to perfect contentment. It is obviously more gratifying to ascribe one’s failure to injustice than to oneself, and so there is an inherent tendency in a meritocracy for men to perceive injustice where none has been done.

It is not altogether surprising, then, that small slights are often felt far more grievously, and burn for longer in the mind, than large or gross injustices. A burglary is more easily forgotten than a disdainful remark or gesture, especially one made in public; one might consider this foolish, but it is irreducibly so.

That is why snobbery, when openly expressed, is so hurtful and dangerous. Even quite mild people become furiously angry, sometimes to the point of violence, when too clearly disdained. To let people know that you look down on them, ex officio as it were, is the surest way to provoke their antagonism. By contrast, exploitation (within quite wide but not infinite boundaries) is relatively easy to tolerate.

The antagonism that European colonialism evoked in Africa, for example, was caused more by the evident disdain of many colonialists for the local population than by grosser exploitation. Of course, in some instances the exploitation was so gross as to provoke rebellion; but by the end of colonial rule, when antagonism to it was at its most popular and widespread, the grosser forms of exploitation had been eliminated. Moreover, antagonism to colonial rule was as great in countries which clearly benefited from it economically as in those which it did not. Even economic retrogression in the post-colonial era did not result in calls for a return to the palmy days of colonialism: for no one likes to be an inferior in his own country merely by virtue of having been born in it. Colonialism was experienced as snobbery incarnate, institutionalised disdain, and therefore disliked intensely by those who experienced it.

Knowing the dangers of snobbery, however, is not quite the same as eliminating it from one’s own heart and mind.

Dalrymple admits to being a fearful snob. Writing last month, he admits to looking down on anyone taking the World Cup too seriously.

Exactly What To Say In A First Message

Saturday, August 21st, 2010

OkTrends is the official blog of OkCupid, where they analyze the data from their dating service to discover things like exactly what to say in a first message — which might apply beyond the dating scene:








Yes, Prime Minister on the National Education Service

Saturday, August 21st, 2010

I’d been meaning to watch Yes, Minister but hadn’t found the time, until a short comment by Cephalic Furrow over at Aretae’s pointed me to the Yes, Prime Minister episode on the National Education Service:

Bear Warning

Friday, August 20th, 2010

Warning:

Due to the frequency of human-bear encounters, the BC Fish and Wildlife Branch is advising hikers, hunters, fishermen, and any persons that use the out of doors in a recreational or work related function to take extra precautions while in the field.

We advise the outdoorsman to wear little noisy bells on clothing so as to give advance warning to any bears that might be close by so you don’t take them by surprise.

We also advise anyone using the out-of-doors to carry “Pepper Spray” with him in case of an encounter with a bear.

Outdoorsmen should also be on the watch for fresh bear activity, and be able to tell the difference between black bear feces and grizzly bear feces. Black bear feces is smaller and contains lots of berries and squirrel fur. Grizzly bear shit has bells in it and smells like pepper.

(Thanks, Todd.)

Pöpcørn

Friday, August 20th, 2010

This is how the Swedish chef makes pöpcørn:

War is Boring

Friday, August 20th, 2010

Noah Shachtman of Wired‘s Danger Room interviews his friend and colleague, David Axe, about his war reporting:

Danger Room: Okay. Of all the f—ed-up places you’ve been, what’s the most f—ed-up of all? Why?

David Axe: Chad, by far. Even in Somalia, I felt like there was a fairly clear division between “danger” and “safety.” When I was with my fixers, I felt safe. In Chad, I never felt safe. In that country, violence visited me everywhere: in the capital, when corrupt cops hijacked my car; in a Catholic mission in Sudanese border country, when heavily-armed child soldiers hopped the fence and tried to break into my photographer’s and my rooms as a gunfight erupted all around us.

Now, as it turns out, my sense of safety in Somalia was an illusion. Just a few months after I left Mogadishu, the guards my then-girlfriend Daria and I had worked with — and had felt safe with — sold a couple of Western freelance reporters into the captivity of an Islamic group. The reporters — Amanda Lindhout and Nigel Brennan — were held for months, tortured, abused. My fixer in Mogadishu narrowly escaped coming to a bad end in that episode. Realizing he could no longer trust the guards and others around him, he went into hiding.

DR: Dude, you dragged your girlfriend to Somalia?

DA: Hey, it was her idea! She insisted, and, as I had predicted, it meant the end of our relationship. But it was worth it, I guess. Based in part on her freelance work in Somalia, she got a job with the Wall Street Journal and is now doing quite well for herself. Me? I suffered something of a breakdown and had to move back in with my parents for several months just to get back to normal. Embarrassing, I know.

Axe saw the Dutch counterinsurgency go catastrophically wrong:

It’s unfair to compare the Dutch and American militaries. The Dutch army’s “soft-power” approach was, in fact, hard power wearing a clever disguise. Let me explain.

The Dutch military had always claimed that their strategy was to rely on reconstruction and development, rather than combat, to secure Uruzgan province, near Helmand. Of course, that strategy hinged on the Taliban essentially cooperating with NATO activities. They didn’t. In the summer of 2007, the Taliban targeted with a car bomb a Dutch convoy at a girl’s school in the province’s capital then massed hundreds of fighters for an infantry assault on Afghan police positions in a key town. The Dutch had no choice but to fight. Problem is, they were not prepared to risk the lives of their infantrymen in close combat. Rather than close with the Taliban and root them out of the town, as I believe the Americans would have done, the Dutch chose to bombard the town with Apache helicopters, F-16s and 155-millimeter artillery. A post-battle NATO report found that as many as 90 civilians died in the bombardment. Ironically, the Dutch army’s reluctance to shift to a focused, “hard” approach — dismounted infantry — resulted in a huge loss of life and credibility.

The Americans, by contrast, tend to hold back on the heavy artillery in favor of infantry maneuver — at least these days, they do. When the Taliban attacked an American patrol in Logar province in 2009, I watched as a squad bailed from a damaged vehicle and assaulted the enemy position. One of the soldiers told me later that the safest tactic in such a situation is to close with the enemy, because it ends the fight quickly and precisely. That’s preferable to a drawn-out fight in which one side refuses to accept the short-term risk resulting from a decisive maneuver. Had the Americans been there in Uruzgan in 2007, I believe they would have handled the fight differently, and civilians’ lives would have been saved — though potentially at the cost of a few American lives. Soft power should not mean a reluctance to risk soldiers’ lives during the occasional firefight, if that means saving the people you’re trying to influence. A truly effective soft-power approach should be built on the stick backbone of courage and military prowess.

Now, I’m not accusing the average Dutch trooper of being a coward. Far from it. But I am accusing Dutch commanders and political leaders of advancing a failed strategy.

The past is the one thing we don’t want to learn from

Friday, August 20th, 2010

The one thing that many environmentalists seem not to care about, Theodore Dalrymple says, is the environment — its visual appearance:

The indifference of environmentalists to aesthetic considerations was illustrated by a friend, who kindly forwarded to me a brochure about a fully ecological house, erected (or assembled, since it was pre-fabricated) in the centre of Paris in front of Haussmann-style buildings. Needless to say, it completely destroyed the harmony of the surrounding townscape.

It looked like a three-dimensional Mondrian, all boxes and bright colours. Inside, it was more a laboratory than a home, the kind of sterile environment necessary for in vitro fertilisation. However much it might have been heated by the sun, it lacked warmth. It was a proper place for androids, not for humans.

The brochure claimed many advantages for it, not the least of which was that the residents could monitor their energy consumption electronically hour by hour, minute by minute, in order to minimise it. Thus they could ensure that they never forgot their own impact on the environment, and were never totally free of anxiety about it. What the saving of their souls was for the ancients, saving of electricity has become for the moderns.

No consideration was given in the brochure to such questions as the harmonisation of new houses with the pre-existing townscape or landscape, or how these cheap and gaudy constructions would look after a few years of wear and tear; but the smallness of the houses was vaunted as an enormous social advantage. There simply was not enough room, not enough land area, said the brochure, for everyone to occupy as much space as he wanted.

This was an odd claim, because the house was by no means as efficient in concentrating the population as — the very Haussmann-style buildings in the front of which it was assembled, which manage so marvellously to combine elegance, grandeur, human scale and density of population, and which are now so desired and desirable as places to live that they have become too expensive to buy for anyone who does not already own part of one. Oddly enough, no one has ever suggested building as Haussmann did, albeit with such energy-saving devices as ingenuity might supply. The past is the one thing we don’t want to learn from, especially if we are architects.The indifference of environmentalists to aesthetic considerations was illustrated by a friend, who kindly forwarded to me a brochure about a fully ecological house, erected (or assembled, since it was pre-fabricated) in the centre of Paris in front of Haussmann-style buildings. Needless to say, it completely destroyed the harmony of the surrounding townscape.

It looked like a three-dimensional Mondrian, all boxes and bright colours. Inside, it was more a laboratory than a home, the kind of sterile environment necessary for in vitro fertilisation. However much it might have been heated by the sun, it lacked warmth. It was a proper place for androids, not for humans.

The brochure claimed many advantages for it, not the least of which was that the residents could monitor their energy consumption electronically hour by hour, minute by minute, in order to minimise it. Thus they could ensure that they never forgot their own impact on the environment, and were never totally free of anxiety about it. What the saving of their souls was for the ancients, saving of electricity has become for the moderns.

No consideration was given in the brochure to such questions as the harmonisation of new houses with the pre-existing townscape or landscape, or how these cheap and gaudy constructions would look after a few years of wear and tear; but the smallness of the houses was vaunted as an enormous social advantage. There simply was not enough room, not enough land area, said the brochure, for everyone to occupy as much space as he wanted.

This was an odd claim, because the house was by no means as efficient in concentrating the population as — the very Haussmann-style buildings in the front of which it was assembled, which manage so marvellously to combine elegance, grandeur, human scale and density of population, and which are now so desired and desirable as places to live that they have become too expensive to buy for anyone who does not already own part of one. Oddly enough, no one has ever suggested building as Haussmann did, albeit with such energy-saving devices as ingenuity might supply. The past is the one thing we don’t want to learn from, especially if we are architects.

Third World means nothing now

Friday, August 20th, 2010

Originally, the term Third World referred to nations that weren’t part of NATO (the First World) or the Warsaw Pact (the Second World). It soon became a euphemism for poor — and, once on the euphemism treadmill, it became a pejorative dysphemism. Now, apparently, some people are pushing the term Majority World for the former Third World.

Third World means nothing now, Razib Khan says — even if we relabel it:

I don’t think the term “Third World” has much utility, but I think it’s not useful to replace it with another dichotomous categorization which simply falls into the trap of a human cognitive bias. The bias seems universal, and doesn’t brook ideology. Racial nationalists and multiculturalist liberals both accept the dichotomy between “people of color” and whites. I believe most white liberals today would agree with the framework that white nationalist Lothrop Stoddard outlined in The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy; they would simply invert the moral valence, looking positively upon developments which Stoddard viewed with concern. Many racial minorities in the West also buy into the white vs. non-white dichotomy for purposes of cooperation between different groups. Though it has tactical utility in white majority societies it’s frankly ignorant to presume that there’s any fundamental solidarity between “people of color.” I assume that dark-skinned South Asians and Africans who have lived in East Asia, or even the Gulf states, can confirm that racism is not necessarily conditional on the existence of white people.*

* Sometimes I feel that in terms of the model of how the universe works, white nationalists and non-white racial activists in the West can agree on the facts. Whites are supernatural creatures, the former simply view them as gods, the latter as demons. But any model which does not include whites is no model at all, for they are the Nephilim of our age. When I talk to people versed in post-colonial theory about history a history without whites does not compute. They say that love and hate are two sides of the same coin.

Western Diet Tied to Intestinal Disease and Allergies

Friday, August 20th, 2010

Healthy children in Europe have different gut bacteria than healthy children in Africa, because of their very different diets, and this may explain the prevalence of intestinal disease and allergies in the West:

A team of researchers led by Paolo Lionetti, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Meyer Children Hospital in Florence, Italy, decided to compare the fecal microbes of healthy children from a village in Burkina Faso, in western Africa, with those from healthy Italian children. The African children ate a high-fiber, low-fat, vegetable-heavy diet that reflects what people ate at the dawn of agriculture, whereas the Italian kids had a typical Western diet, low in fiber but high in animal protein, sugar, starch, and fat.

The researchers found that the children from Burkina Faso had significantly more bacteria from the Bacteroidetes class than did the Italian children and significantly fewer Firmicute bacteria. Previous research has shown that people with more Bacteroidetes and fewer Firmicutes tend to be lean, whereas people with the opposite ratio are more likely to be obese.

Additionally, the researchers detected bacterial strains of Prevotella, Xylanibacter, and Treponema only in the children from Burkina Faso. These bacteria are excellent at breaking down fibrous foods and producing short-chain fatty acids that provide added energy. Studies have also shown that those same fatty acids help protect the intestines from inflammation, which could explain why inflammatory bowel disease is almost unheard of in African communities that eat high-fiber diets, Lionetti says.

The increased diversity of microbes in the gut also makes the body more resistant to intestinal pathogens while tempering the immune system’s response to harmless molecules, leading to fewer allergies, Lionetti says. The group reports its findings online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

(Hat tip to Buckethead.)

Caravan Palace

Thursday, August 19th, 2010

When I heard the first few notes of Suzy, I thought maybe I’d missed the release of a new Daft Punk album. Then it turned jazzy — gypsy-jazzy — and I found that I was listening to Caravan Palace, a French electronic-swing band whose influences include Daft Punk and Django Reinhardt. Enjoy:

Muscles Remember Past Glory

Thursday, August 19th, 2010

Muscle memory can refer to motor skills, or it can refer to how muscles recover from atrophy:

Muscle cells are huge, [Kristian Gundersen, a physiologist at the University of Oslo in Norway] says. And because the cells are so big, more than one nucleus is needed to supply the DNA templates for making large amounts of the proteins that give muscle its strength. Previous research has demonstrated that with exercise, muscle cells get even bigger by merging with stem cells called satellite cells, which are nestled between muscle fiber cells. Researchers had previously thought that when muscles atrophy, the extra nuclei are killed by a cell death program called apoptosis.

In the new study, Gundersen’s team simulated the effect of working out by making a muscle that helps lift the toes work harder in mice. As the muscle worked, the number of nuclei increased, starting on day six. Over the course of 21 days, the hard-working muscle increased the number of nuclei in each fiber cell by about 54 percent. Starting on day nine, the muscle cells also started to plump up, adding an extra 35 percent to their volume. Those results indicate that the nuclei come first and muscle mass is added later.

In another set of experiments, the researchers worked the mice’s muscles for two weeks and then severed nerves leading to the muscle so the tissue would atrophy. As the muscle atrophied, the cells deflated to about 40 percent of their bulked-up volume, but the number of nuclei in the cells did not change.

These results contradict previous studies that show lots of cell death in muscles during atrophy. Gunderson’s team examined individual cells in the wasting muscles and found that there is apoptosis going on, but that other cells are dying, not the muscle fibers or their extra nuclei. The extra nuclei stick around for at least three months — a long time for a mouse, which lives a couple of years on average, Gundersen says.

“I don’t know if it lasts forever,” he says, “but it seems to be a very long-lasting effect.” Since the extra nuclei don’t die, they could be poised to make muscle proteins again, providing a type of muscle memory, he says.

(Hat tip to Buckethead, who’s getting back into shape and considering starting his son on lifting.)

In Favor of Fever

Thursday, August 19th, 2010

Robin Hanson speaks out in favor of fever:

The US spends over 17% of income, two trillion dollars a year, on medicine, mostly on new intensive treatments. You might think this was because we long ago carefully studied all the simple cheap treatments, and got as much mileage as we could from them, so now must consider complex expensive treatments. You’d be very very wrong.

One of the commonest, and cheapest, forms of medicine is “antipyretics”, e.g. aspirin, for reducing temperature. You know you are getting “modern” medicine if, when sick, people take your temperature often, and give you antipyretics when “too hot.” Seeing this care, you can relax assured you are getting modern care.

Turns out, we hardly have any data on whether this helps, and what data we do have says it probably makes you sicker, except in a few rare situations like stroke or head injury. It seems we are very reluctant to give up the appearance of helping the sick, even if our “help” probably makes them sicker.

We also seem pretty uninterested in collecting the data needed to clarify this. The biggest randomized trial to date was stopped mid-trial because “there were seven deaths in people getting standard treatment and only one in those allowed to have fever,… [so] it would be unethical to allow any more patients to get standard treatment.” Yet standard treatment continues because others say not enough trials exist to justify changing standard treatment. Is that #$@%-ed up ethics or what?

If you subscribe to New Scientist, you can read the original article he’s citing in its entirety.

(Hat tip to Aretae.)