Japan: Here, Kid, Take The Wheel

Monday, July 16th, 2007

Japan: Here, Kid, Take The Wheel notes that Japan’s car-makers are facing a demographic crisis, because there are fewer and fewer young people to buy cars:

People over 65 now account for more than 20% of the population, vs. 15% in 1997. Meanwhile, the share of those aged 20-29 will likely fall below 12% this year, compared with 15% a decade ago. That means some 4 million people of prime auto-buying age have been replaced by pensioners, who are less likely to buy cars—and, as they get older, less able to drive them.

The young generation also sees cars as an expensive waste rather than a sign of success, so car-makers are trying hard to excite them:

Toyota Motor Corp. says it’s trying to create cars that give customers more wakuwaku, or excitement (see BusinessWeek.com, 6/7/07, “Toyota, Take the Wheel”). Toyota’s latest Prius ads feature cartoon characters originally drawn by Osamu Tezuka, the father of anime. Nissan, meanwhile, has gone into the music business, and in January formed its own record label with Warner Music Group Corp. Winding Road, a song featured in a Nissan ad, has been downloaded 2 million times and is on a compilation CD that has sold 400,000 copies. And in June, Nissan launched a model, the Dualis, with a spot showing the vehicle transforming into an animated robot to leap over traffic.

Young women have become a prime target for the carmakers. In January, Nissan began selling a kawaii — or “cute” — version of its Pino minicar, featuring hubcaps shaped like snowflakes and an owner’s manual drawn in a manga style. And Hello Kitty is now a “Happy Drive Ambassador” for Mitsubishi Motor Corp. The character makes cameo appearances in ads, and last summer Mitsubishi sold a $17,000 limited-edition “Princess Kitty” version of the i minicar that featured Hello Kitty-shaped headrests.

Knock Knock, It’s Your Big Mac

Monday, July 16th, 2007

Knock Knock, It’s Your Big Mac:

All told, McDonald’s delivers in some 25 cities, with a half-dozen more on deck. The company just launched deliveries in Taipei, with 1,000 drivers, is expanding Shanghai to citywide service this summer, and is testing the concept in Beirut and Riyadh. In Egypt, where the setup was pioneered in 1995, deliveries now account for 27% of all McDonald’s revenue and up to 80% at some restaurants. Globally, delivery sales are expected to total more than $110 million in 2007, up from $90 million last year, the company says. While that’s spare change for the $21.6 billion giant, the business is growing by 20% to 30% annually, more than triple the chain’s overall rate.

It’s profitable, too. Delivery margins usually top the 13% to 14% that McDonald’s outlets generally yield. That’s because the courier fee, which runs from 50 cents to $1, covers the cost of handling phoned-in orders and the fleets of drivers and motorbikes.

Don’t expect to get your burger delivered here though:

One place, though, that the Golden Arches won’t come knocking is the U.S. The delivery model works well in congested cities where there’s no affordable space for drive-through windows, but plenty of cheap labor to ferry the food to customers.

Halls Of Ivy — And Crumbling Plaster

Monday, July 16th, 2007

Our modern university system comprises Halls Of Ivy — And Crumbling Plaster:

More than half the buildings on U.S. campuses were slapped up in the 1960s and ’70s, a period when enrollment nearly doubled. Today those buildings are pushing 40. It’s not a pretty picture. At Kansas State University, limestone exteriors are crumbling, the electrical system shoots sparks on humid days (workers call the control room the Frankenstein room), and the wind whistles through the eight-foot, single-pane windows at Waters Hall, whose deteriorating frames date back to 1923. The University of Illinois, meanwhile, has just completed a new $80 million institute for genomic research but has a backlog of repairs that will consume as much as $600 million. Chapel Hill’s outstanding maintenance bill: $400 million, on top of 25 new building projects. And so it goes, from coast to coast.
[...]
According to conservative estimates, the nationwide repair bill could reach $40 billion. Asking well-heeled contributors to open their wallets isn’t an answer since most philanthropists want to see their names on a fancy new building, not a fixer-upper.

Operation: Leaf Blower

Monday, July 16th, 2007

Operation: Leaf Blower looks at the small companies that have come up with creative way to help US troops survive — while making a buck or two in the process:

One such request called for 80 industrial leaf blowers from Buffalo Turbine in Springville, N.Y. Iraqi insurgents sometimes bury improvised explosive devices under dirt and debris, so members of the REF devised a way to strap a leaf blower to the front of vehicles, making IEDs easier to spot. The company, which usually sells its equipment to golf courses, worked with the Army to make the blower’s rotating nozzle more durable.

The Army has also bought civilian lasers for a not-so-militant use:

The REF has also reached out to a two-person company located in a suburban home near Portland, Ore. The company, Beam of Light Technologies, imports green lasers from Taiwan for civilian uses such as classroom teaching and bird-watching. Soldiers in Iraq found that green lasers, more visible than red lasers, deliver a more effective warning to oncoming motorists that they’re approaching a checkpoint. The alternative, a few warning shots, was often mistaken as hostile fire, leading drivers to accelerate in fear and soldiers to open fire at what might be an attack. The REF reports that green lasers have enabled a 60% to 80% drop in aggressive driving at checkpoints.

Solid Gold Medallions

Monday, July 16th, 2007

Business Week notes that taxi medallions — the licenses required to operate cabs — are solid gold — even if they’re literally aluminum:

A New York cabbie recently sold his for $600,000 — 20 times what he paid for it 25 years ago. [...] Andrew Murstein, president of Taxi Medallion Financial Group, the nation’s largest medallion financer, predicts a value of $1 million by 2012.

Supplies of medallions are limited by law.

I’ve blogged on this before, where I cited Steve Malanga’s How to Fix Gotham’s Taxi Mess:

In the mid-1920s, New York licensed as many as 21,000 cabdrivers, and those who did the actual driving held the permits. But during the Depression, many drivers simply let their licenses lapse, so that by 1937 only about 12,000 were active. That year, under pressure from drivers, the city passed a law limiting medallions, a limit that eventually settled at 11,787. But the law went one crucial step further: it granted current medallion holders their licenses permanently, and it permitted them to sell the medallions. Later, the city allowed individuals to accumulate more than one medallion and to lease them to others.

The city, in other words, created a protected oligopoly in the right to provide cab service to an ever growing city. Just like the favored nobles and merchants to whom European monarchs of old gave a monopoly on precious commodities like salt, the fixed number of medallion holders, without ever lifting a finger, were certain to coin money out of the public’s need for the service they controlled, a service whose supply became increasingly less likely to meet demand fully as the city’s economy expanded.

Mugabe’s price cuts bring cheap TVs today, new crisis tomorrow

Monday, July 16th, 2007

Chris McGreal, reporting from Harare — how long will that be allowed? — notes that Mugabe’s price cuts bring cheap TVs today, new crisis tomorrow:

Zimbabweans are shopping like there’s no tomorrow. With police patrolling the aisles of Harare’s electrical shops to enforce massive government-ordered price cuts, the widescreen TVs were the first things to go, for as little as £20. Across the country, shoes, clothes, toiletries and different kinds of food were all swept from the shelves as a nation with the world’s fastest shrinking economy gorged itself on one last spending spree.

Car dealers said officials were trying to force them to sell vehicles at the official exchange rate, effectively meaning that a car costing £15,000 could be had for £30 by changing money on the blackmarket. The owners of several dealerships have been arrested.

President Robert Mugabe’s order that all shop prices be cut by at least half, and sometimes several times more, has forced stores to open to hordes of customers waving thick blocks of near worthless money given new value by the price cuts. The police and groups of ruling party supporters could be seen leading the charge for a bargain.

Mr Mugabe has accused business interests of fuelling inflation, running at about 20,000%, to bring down his government. A hotline is in place to report “overcharging”, and retailers who flinch at slashing prices are being dragged before the courts. Several thousand have been arrested for “profiteering” over the past week, including the chief executives of the biggest retailers in the country, some of them foreign-owned.

Economists say the price cuts will only deepen the national crisis, leaving many shops bare because they will not be able to afford to restock while official retail prices remain lower than the cost of buying wholesale or importing. Mr Mugabe has dismissed such warnings as “bookish economics”.

Some businesses fear that Operation Reduce Prices is intended to pin the blame on the private sector for Zimbabwe’s economic problems as a step towards seizing control of many companies in the way that white-owned farms were expropriated at the beginning of the decade, sparking the crisis.

Parliament is expected to pass legislation in the coming weeks that will effectively give a controlling stake in all publicly traded companies to ruling party loyalists and others chosen by the government.

The impact of the price cuts was felt almost immediately as fuel virtually disappeared from sale after garages were forced to sell petrol for 23p a litre, less than they paid the state-owned supplier.

The police and army broke the locks on petrol pumps at some garages and tanks ran dry amid panic buying. Now petrol is available only on the blackmarket, at more than seven times the official price and three times what garages had been charging. By Saturday, most minibus taxis had gone from the roads because drivers could not find petrol. Crowds of workers were left on kerbs for hours trying to get to or from their jobs.

The riot police had to be called out to the South African-owned Makro super store in Harare after thousands of people stormed the shop after it was forced to slash prices. The scenes were replicated in stores throughout Harare. The Bata shoe chain’s shops were stripped bare in two days by people snapping up pairs for as little as 20p.

Food is still available, although bread, sugar, cornmeal and other staples are hard to find, and meat has all but disappeared because livestock owners say it is now uneconomic to slaughter their animals. Much of the meat that is available is goat slaughtered in backyards and sold in informal markets.

The rest of the food supply – already severely undermined by drought and lack of production on land seized from white farmers – is also under threat after Mr Mugabe threatened to take over manufacturers if they shut down their plants on the grounds that they were uneconomic. “Factories must produce. If they don’t, we will take you over … We will seize the factories,” he said.

Questions for John Mackey

Monday, July 16th, 2007

Fortune had a number of questions for John Mackey, head of Whole Foods, but this one hit home for me:

We’ve heard that some people go after real estate in neighborhoods where a Whole Foods is slated to open. Have you studied your impact on the real estate market?

We haven’t commissioned any studies, but I understand that when we opened in Chelsea [in New York City], condos above the store went up 10% in price on the first day. I can look out my window in Austin, where we have our flagship store, and people are building condos all around. The joke is that we could have made a lot more money just buying up real estate around our stores and developing it than we could make selling groceries. That’s one reason we have a lot of landlords aggressively [trying] to get us in as tenants. In Miami and Sarasota, for example, we will have condos built nearby as part of a mixed-use project.

Porsche: The mouse that roared

Monday, July 16th, 2007

Fortune‘s senior editor, Alex Taylor III, calls Porsche the mouse that roared, because of what the tiny company’s CEO, Wendelin Wiedeking, has pulled off:

Appointed CEO in 1993 as a 41-year-old wunderkind at a time Porsche was weak — Toyota was sniffing around, and output had cratered to 15,000 cars a year — Wiedeking used his production expertise to turn it around. Now Porsche earns more money per car than any other carmaker (as much as $9,000). No wonder Wiedeking, 54, has been mentioned as a candidate for nearly every top automotive job in Germany.

But all the talk halted in September 2005, when he used $3.6 billion of Porsche’s excess cash to buy 18.6% of Volkswagen. Porsche has since increased its stake to 30.9% (worth $19 billion) and is now VW’s leading shareholder.

The difference in scale, style, and profitability between the two companies is breathtaking. VW is the fourth-largest auto manufacturer (after Toyota, GM, and Ford). Last year it employed 325,000 workers to make 5.7 million vehicles. Porsche is the 34th-biggest auto company; its 11,384 employees produced 102,602 vehicles in fiscal 2006. Porsche’s buying into VW in a big way just didn’t look right, and many car guys were dubious. As one analyst put it at the time, “The mouse dances with the elephant.”

But in the 22 months since the mouse asked the elephant to the ball, the match looks like one made in heaven. Porsche’s stock has climbed almost 200%, and VW’s has more than doubled.

Here’s where it gets interesting:

Given his track record, Wiedeking might be expected to have a free hand in shaping VW’s future. He does not. There is a second party to this transaction: Ferdinand Piëch, CEO of VW from 1993 to 2002, current chairman of its supervisory board, and a man with his own convictions about how VW should be run. Oh, and he’s the grandson of Ferdinand Porsche, who designed the first Volkswagen Beetle, and the nephew of Ferry Porsche, who founded the sports car company that bears his name. The Porsche and Piëch families control 100% of Porsche’s voting stock. That makes Piëch Wiedeking’s boss.

Tandem Organic Solar Cells from UCSB

Monday, July 16th, 2007

According to a UCSB Press Release, higher-efficiency organic solar cells have been made at the university’s Center for Polymers and Organic Solids:

Nobel laureate Alan Heeger, professor of physics at UC Santa Barbara, worked with Kwanghee Lee of Korea and a team of other scientists to create a new “tandem” organic solar cell with increased efficiency. The discovery, explained in the July 13 issue of the journal Science, marks a step forward in materials science.

Tandem cells are comprised of two multilayered parts that work together to gather a wider range of the spectrum of solar radiation — at both shorter and longer wavelengths. “The result is six and a half percent efficiency,” said Heeger. “This is the highest level achieved for solar cells made from organic materials. I am confident that we can make additional improvements that will yield efficiencies sufficiently high for commercial products.” He expects this technology to be on the market in about three years.

Heeger and Lee have collaborated for many years on developing solar cells. The new tandem architecture that they discovered both improves light harvesting and promises to be less expensive to produce. In their paper, the authors explain that the cells “… can be fabricated to extend over large areas by means of low-cost printing and coating technologies that can simultaneously pattern the active materials on lightweight flexible substrates.”
[...]
The cells are separated and connected by the material TiOx, a transparent titanium oxide. This is the key to the multilayer system that allows for the higher-level efficiencies. TiOx transports electrons and is a collecting layer for the first cell. In addition, it acts as a stable foundation that allows the fabrication of the second cell, thus completing the tandem cell architecture.

Hans Rosling’s jaw-dropping demo

Monday, July 16th, 2007

If you enjoyed his previous presentation, don’t miss Hans Rosling’s jaw-dropping demo, on TED.com:

How Useful Are You?

Sunday, July 15th, 2007

How Useful Are You?:

If you were to travel 2000 years into the past, how useful would you be in jump-starting technological advancements? This 10 question quiz will help you figure out your technological usefulness. If you do poorly on the quiz, as most people likely will, then just let that inspire you to study up more on how things work and where raw materials come from.

I’m moderately useful. Now go take the quiz.

Lascaux on the Nile

Sunday, July 15th, 2007

Egypt’s Oldest Known Art Identified, Is 15,000 Years Old:

Rock face drawings and etchings recently rediscovered in southern Egypt are similar in age and style to the iconic Stone Age cave paintings in Lascaux, France, and Altamira, Spain, archaeologists say.

“It is not at all an exaggeration to call it ‘Lascaux on the Nile,’” said expedition leader Dirk Huyge, curator of the Egyptian Collection at the Royal Museums of Art and History in Brussels, Belgium.
[...]
The engravings—estimated to be about 15,000 years old—were chiseled into several sandstone cliff faces at the village of Qurta, about 400 miles (640 kilometers) south of Cairo.

Of the more than 160 figures found so far, most depict wild bulls. The biggest is nearly six feet (two meters) wide.

Zipcar

Sunday, July 15th, 2007

Zipcar offers an interesting service:

In the fall of 1999, our two Zipcar founders were sitting in a café, excited about a concept they had seen in Berlin while on vacation. Cars were parked around the city for members to drive by the hour instead of owning their own vehicles. They had a Eureka! moment (or maybe it was more like, “Duh! What an obvious idea.”) They put an American spin on it — outfitting the cars with wireless technology, creating a hassle-free reservation system and strategically placing the cars around key cities and neighborhoods. In June of 2000 the first Zipcars were on the road. The masses could now drive cars by the hour or day — on their terms.

They claim that 40% of their members decide against purchasing a car or end up selling their car, and that each Zipcar replaces over 20 privately-owned vehicles.

I have to wonder how a Zipcar gets treated by its drivers…

North by Northwest

Sunday, July 15th, 2007

I finally got around to watching Hitchcock’s classic, North by Northwest, and I quite enjoyed it, but one bit confused me, because I didn’t get the reference:

Roger Thornhill’s mother tells him jokingly, “Pay the two dollars,” after he futilely attempts to shed light on his kidnapping and be exonerated from his DWI charge. The line is a reference to a Depression-era Willie Howard vaudeville sketch written by Billy K. Wells. A man is in court to pay a $2 fine for spitting on the subway, but his lawyer insists on fighting the case. As the lawyer incurs greater and greater sentences, his defendant keeps pleading, “Pay the two dollars!” This sketch also appeared in Ziegfeld Follies (1946) with Edward Arnold portraying the attorney.

As Breeders Test DNA, Dogs Become Guinea Pigs

Sunday, July 15th, 2007

As Breeders Test DNA, Dogs Become Guinea Pigs:

When mutant, muscle-bound puppies started showing up in litters of champion racing whippets, the breeders of the normally sleek dogs invited scientists to take DNA samples at race meets here and across the country. They hoped to find a genetic cause for the condition and a way to purge it from the breed.

It worked. “Bully whippets,” as the heavyset dogs are known, turn out to have a genetic mutation that enhances muscle development. And breeders may not want to eliminate the “bully” gene after all. The scientists found that the same mutation that pumps up some whippets makes others among the fastest dogs on the track.

So it works a bit like the famous sickle-cell gene: one copy confers the sickle-cell trait and protection from malaria, while a second copy leads to sickle-cell anemia and terrible health problems:



It’s not just whippets who have muscle-building myostatin-related mutations, but Belgian Blue cattle, Flex Wheeler, a German toddler, and a Michigan toddler.