HOV Lanes Linked to Rise In Car Crashes

Tuesday, June 21st, 2005

From HOV Lanes Linked to Rise In Car Crashes:

Why might HOV lanes cause accidents? When the lanes are not separated by concrete barriers, drivers often illegally weave between the regular and HOV lanes, says Scott Cooner, a program manager for the Texas Transportation Institute, part of the Texas A&M University system. What is more, drivers stuck in gridlock tend to be resentful of the fast-moving HOV traffic and won’t let drivers merge from the high-speed lanes back onto the regular freeway, causing accidents.

Putting HOV lanes next to regular lanes violates a basic rule of traffic engineering: Don’t put cars moving at vastly different speeds next to each other.

James Heckman

Tuesday, June 21st, 2005

Arnold Kling cites the best bits of an interview with economist James Heckman:

[W]hat do the GEDs earn? They earn what high school dropouts who do not get GEDs earn, once you adjust for their somewhat higher cognitive ability…They’re missing motivation, self-control and forward-lookingness. I call these noncognitive skills.

[...]

Most job training is actually being done in private companies, not in the public sector. And who is more likely to get private job training? People who have higher cognitive and noncognitive skills—the same abilities that helped them get the job in the first place. These people earn high returns to private job training.

[...]

Richer families are much more likely to send their kids to college, but once one conditions on the ability of the child at age 17, virtually all of the income effect goes away. It’s all about the ability that’s embodied in the child from a lifetime of early investments.

[...]

Cognitive skills such as IQ can’t really be changed much after ages 8 to 10. But with noncognitive skills there’s much more malleability.

And here’s why he’s “guessing that Heckman is not a fan of a certain currently hot-selling economics book”:

In some quarters of our profession, the level of discussion has sunk to the level of a New Yorker article: coffee-table articles about “cute” topics, papers using “clever” instruments. The authors of these papers are usually unclear about the economic questions they address, the data used to support their conclusions and the econometrics used to justify their estimates. This is a sad development that I hope is a passing fad.

Experts Say Schizophrenia Drug Cures SARS

Monday, June 20th, 2005

“Cures” is a bit strong, but Experts Say Schizophrenia Drug Cures SARS:

A drug used to treat schizophrenia has been shown to prevent and treat severe acute respiratory syndrome, according to Chinese and European experts at a conference in China, the government said Sunday.

Cinanserin was found to inhibit the coronavirus that causes the deadly flu-like SARS, which first emerged in the country’s south in late 2002, the official Xinhua News Agency reported. The finding was announced by experts attending a meeting of the Sino-European Project on SARS Diagnostics and Antivirals in the coastal city of Hangzhou.

The report said cinanserin was among 15 drugs that appeared effective in preventing SARS but that the other 14 had yet to undergo sufficient testing.

Caped Creator Bob Kane

Sunday, June 19th, 2005

NPR has posted an interview with Caped Creator Bob Kane from March 23, 1990:

In his autobiography, Batman and Me, Kane tells how he came up with the idea for the caped crusader, and what influence he had on the TV series and previous Batman movies. Kane drew Batman from its inception in 1939 to the late 60s. DC Comic still publishes Batman. The new movie Batman Begins has just hit theaters nationwide.

Is Grade Inflation All Bad?

Sunday, June 19th, 2005

In Is Grade Inflation All Bad?, Alex Tabarrok cites Mark Thoma at Economist’s View:

There are two episodes that account for most grade inflation. The first is from the 1960s through the early 1970s. This is usually explained by the draft rules for the Vietnam War. The second episode begins around 1990 and is harder to explain….

My study finds an interesting correlation in the data. During the time grades were increasing, budgets were also tightening inducing a substitution towards younger and less permanent faculty. I broke down grade inflation by instructor rank and found it is much higher among assistant professors, adjuncts, TAs, instructors, etc. than for associate or full professors. These are instructors who are usually hired year-to-year or need to demonstrate teaching effectiveness for the job market, so they have an incentive to inflate evaluations as much as possible, and high grades are one means of manipulating student course evaluations.

Defend America, Become American

Sunday, June 19th, 2005

Pretty soon our legions may be full of Visigoths and Vandals. From Max Boot’s Defend America, Become American:

The Army is getting desperate. Having fallen 25% short of already reduced recruiting goals last month, it is raising enlistment bonuses to $40,000 in some cases and lowering standards to accept and retain soldiers who would have been turned away in years past. A minor criminal record? No high school diploma? Uncle Sam still wants you.

Down this way disaster lies — the undoing of the finest armed forces in U.S. history. But what choice is there? With combat dragging on in Iraq and plenty of jobs available at home, there aren’t enough volunteers. So far, a real crisis has been averted only because the Army has exceeded its retention goals and kept some troops in uniform past their discharge dates, but it will only get tougher to keep volunteers in uniform if troops are constantly deployed overseas.

There are two obvious, and obviously wrongheaded, solutions to this problem: Pull out of Iraq now or institute a draft. The former would hand a victory to terrorists and undo everything that more than 1,700 Americans have given their lives to achieve. The latter option, aside from being a political non-starter, would also dilute the high quality of the all-volunteer force.

Having reviewed all the other possibilities and found them wanting, I return to the solution I proposed on this page in February: Broaden the recruiting base beyond U.S. citizens and permanent, legal residents.

Balls Out

Sunday, June 19th, 2005

Wow. From Balls Out: How to throw a no-hitter on acid, and other lessons from the career of baseball legend Dock Ellis:

Thirty-five years ago, on June 12, 1970, Pittsburgh Pirate and future Texas Rangers pitcher Dock Ellis found himself in the Los Angeles home of a childhood friend named Al Rambo. Two days earlier, he’d flown with the Pirates to San Diego for a four-game series with the Padres. He immediately rented a car and drove to L.A. to see Rambo and his girlfriend Mitzi. The next 12 hours were a fog of conversation, screwdrivers, marijuana, and, for Ellis, amphetamines. He went to sleep in the early morning, woke up sometime after noon and immediately took a dose of Purple Haze acid. Ellis would frequently drop acid on off days and weekends; he had a room in his basement christened ‘The Dungeon,’ in which he’d lock himself and listen to Jimi Hendrix or Iron Butterfly ‘for days.’

A bit later, how long exactly he can’t recall, he came across Mitzi flipping through a newspaper. She scanned for a moment, then noticed something.

‘Dock,’ she said. ‘You’re supposed to pitch today.’

Ellis focused his mind. No. Friday. He wasn’t pitching until Friday. He was sure.

‘Baby,’ she replied. ‘It is Friday. You slept through Thursday.’

Ellis remained calm. The game would start late. Ample time for the acid to wear off. Then it struck him: doubleheader. The Pirates had a doubleheader. And he was pitching the first game. He had four hours to get to San Diego, warm up and pitch. If something didn’t happen in the interim, Dock Philip Ellis, age 25, was about to enter a 50,000-seat stadium and throw a very small ball, very hard, for a very long time, without the benefit of being able to, you know, feel the thing.

Which, it turns out, was one of the least crazy things that happened to him on that particular day.

Hay fever not linked to kids’ immunizations

Sunday, June 19th, 2005

From Hay fever not linked to kids’ immunizations:

The relatively few children that had not been vaccinated for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) had virtually the same hay fever risk as the large percentage that completed DTP vaccinations by their fifth month.

As for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) immunization, unvaccinated children had slightly lower chances of having hay fever than those vaccinated in month 14, although the difference was not statistically significant.

The investigators found that with both DPT and MMR vaccination, children that got their shots late had about a 40 percent reduced risk of hay fever. The team suggests that this ‘may be explained by a third factor causing both postponement and reduced risk, such as intercurrent febrile illness.’

Cook and colleagues also looked at anti-TB immunization with BCG vaccine, which is thought to protect against becoming allergic. However, that’s not what they found. ‘Immunization with BCG by age 2 was associated with an increased risk of hay fever,’ they report.

Woolly Mammoth Closer to Asian Elephants

Sunday, June 19th, 2005

From Woolly Mammoth Closer to Asian Elephants:

Japanese scientists said Friday that DNA tests have shown that the prehistoric woolly mammoth is more closely related to Asian elephants than to their African counterparts, settling a long-running debate over the lineage of the giant animals that went extinct 10,000 years ago.

Nagoya University professor Tomoo Ozawa and his team examined muscle tissue DNA taken from a woolly mammoth excavated in Siberia and determined that the animal and Asiatic elephants branched off from the same ancestor 4.8 million years ago. African elephants diverged from the family tree earlier on, about 7.3 million years ago, the group said.

Consumer Vertigo

Saturday, June 18th, 2005

Virginia Postrel explains why even an overwhelming array of choices isn’t really a problem in Consumer Vertigo: A new wave of social critics claim that freedom’s just another word for way too much to choose. Here’s why they’re wrong.:

Outside the artificial constraints of a psychology experiment, people adapt pretty effectively to proliferating choices. We go back to our favorite restaurant and order the same dish because we know we’ll like it. We find a toothpaste that suits us and stick to it. We don’t always choose anew.

James Bond Film Flowchart

Saturday, June 18th, 2005

GeekPress pointed me to the James Bond Film Flowchart and the Opening Sequence Flowchart.




Unsung Examples of U.S. Soft Power

Saturday, June 18th, 2005

Daniel Drezner points to a Chicago Tribune article, U.S. nice, but it’s not home, which describes an unusual example of America’s “soft” power:

Nazifa is one of 13 girls and 26 boys from Afghanistan who have studied in U.S. high schools this year. They are the first group of foreign-exchange students from Afghanistan to come to America in more than 30 years, and their year here is coming to an end.

Nazifa’s serene expression changes as she considers describing her days as a sophomore at High Tech High International to the folks back home.

‘Even if I told them, they might think that is not school,’ Nazifa says, shaking her head and laughing. ‘They would think you would have gone somewhere else.’

Just as her new life begins to feel normal, Nazifa prepares for home. The students, here through a U.S. State Department program called Youth Exchange and Study, are to return to Afghanistan in late June. Excited to see their families once more, they are also apprehensive about blending in again. The recent turmoil and violence surrounding treatment of the Koran and the slaying of a liberal female TV host just a few years older than they are has put the students on edge.

Hornets Given the Eyes of an Eagle

Saturday, June 18th, 2005

From Hornets Given the Eyes of an Eagle:

The call for F-18s to scan the ground below is all because of the new Advanced Targeting Forward-Looking Infrared (ATFLIR). This $1.2 million device, which is considered about five times more effective than earlier models, can clearly see people on the ground from 40 kilometers away, and 6-7 kilometers up. Pilots can see people with guns hiding on roofs, or behind buildings, waiting to ambush approaching coalition or Iraqi troops or convoys. Magnification at night is 30 times, and 60 times during the day. But at night, the ATFLIR gets sharper images because it is sensing differences in heat below. Things cool off rapidly in Iraq after the sun goes down, everything except the few people running around at night.

I believe these Hornets are given the eyes of an owl.

Be Careful What You Pay For

Saturday, June 18th, 2005

In Be Careful What You Pay For, Arnold Kling looks at four different ways of compensating physicians for medical care:

  • Capitation – pay a fixed amount per year per patient
  • Outcome – pay on the basis of the health of patients
  • Effort – pay on the basis of labor and capital costs of providing services
  • Process – pay on the basis of adherence to guidelines

Each methods has its pitfalls, but Kling argues for process-based compensation.

An Immigrant’s Tale

Saturday, June 18th, 2005

Nima Sanandaji tells An Immigrant’s Tale:

Back in Iran my brother and I went to school six days a week and wrote our homework about two hours each day. A lot of our spare time was spent at the local library. My father worked full-time and my mother had worked first as a teacher and later as a vice president in the kindergartens that we had attended. Later she became a housewife. In the refugee camp nobody did anything. Nobody learned how to speak Swedish. Nobody was integrated in the Swedish society and nobody was allowed to get a job. The strong work ethic that we had brought from our home countries simpered away and we became used to the idea that social security was responsible for our lives.

[...]

Our dependency on social security continued even after we got a permanent residency and later became Swedish citizens. Although my mother got several jobs, we concluded that this really didn’t improve our family’s economy. A low pay job meant a couple of thousands Kronors more each month. However, income isn’t everything. When our mother didn’t work she could take better care of us. She could save money by buying the cheapest groceries from the shop on the other side of town and it was more economical to always be able to eat at home. Also, social security usually gave us more money than we were supposed to get. This was usually not due to cheating from our side, but rather because the social security secretaries wanted to be generous and helpful. During the sixteen years we have been in Sweden, my mother has in total worked less than one year.

One thing that my up growing has shown me is that there is little incentive to work and educate yourself in the Swedish welfare system. According to the Institute for Labour Policies the average salary of a person who has studied at a university for three years is only five percent higher of somebody who is uneducated. Most Swedish families would have higher income if they lived off government and made some money working in the black market.