Virginia Postrel’s Operation everything describes Operations Research, a field that’s finally delivering on old promises, now that we have the computing power and the data to take advantage of it:
“I’ve been explaining for 40 years what operations research is,” says Eisner, who is associate director of the school of operations research and industrial engineering at Cornell University. He defines O.R. as “the effective use of scarce resources under dynamic and uncertain conditions.”That may sound arcane, but it’s pretty much the problem of living — and certainly the central problem of economic life. O.R. isn’t economics, however, though most economists have some O.R. training. It’s applied mathematics. Since its origins in World War II to its recent resurgence fueled by the explosion in raw computing power, O.R. has developed analytical models of the tradeoffs and uncertainties involved in problems ranging from inventory management to police deployment, from scheduling sports leagues to determining how many people to call for jury duty.
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Magnanti calls O.R. “a liberal education in a technological world.” Just as a classical education once prepared students for a wide range of endeavors, from theology and science to diplomacy and warfare, he argues, so the habits and tools of O.R. are widely applicable to contemporary problems.
I enjoyed this anecdote from the early days of OR, but I’m not sure how you systematize such thinking:
In World War II, scientists from a wide range of fields attacked military problems with a potent combination of empiricism and mathematical models. When airplanes came back riddled with holes from enemy attacks, for instance, the intuitive response was to reinforce the armor where the holes were. But, noted the scientists, those were the planes that made it back. They didn’t need more armor where they were hit. The real challenge was to figure out the places that had been hit in the planes that went down.