When Hardware is Free, Power is Expensive

Thursday, May 24th, 2007

Jeff Atwood notes that When Hardware is Free, Power is Expensive:

Over the last three generations of Google’s computing infrastructure, performance has nearly doubled, Barroso said. But because performance per watt remained nearly unchanged, that means electricity consumption has also almost doubled.

Thus, Google has decided to build its data centers near cheap power.

It has also decided to build its servers using especially efficient power supplies:

The power supply to servers is one place that energy is unnecessarily lost. One-third of the electricity running through a typical power supply leaks out as heat, [Hölzle] said. That’s a waste of energy and also creates additional costs in the cooling necessary because of the heat added to a building.

Rather than waste the electricity and incur the additional costs for cooling, Google has power supplies specially made that are 90% efficient.

Of course, the efficient power supplies Google uses are efficient at fairly high loads, which home users rarely hit:

Unless you’re a gamer, you won’t even come close to 200 watts of power usage, even under full load. And how often is your PC operating at full load? If you’re like most users, almost never. Your PC is statistically idle 99% of the time it is turned on. Idle power consumption for a typical desktop PC ranges between 120 and 150 watts. Thus, the real challenge is to deliver 90%+ efficiency at typical idle power consumption levels — 120–150 watts.

At the “insanely expensive California power rates” in his area, Atwood would save $30 per year with a more efficient power supply — which doesn’t justify buying a new power supply. Some people, like commenter Daniel Lehmann, don’t get it though:

The first priority should always be energy savings, not your personal money issues…

I found this comment intriguing:

Cisco’s newest labs have most devices running off DC (48V). They don’t have the overhead (heat) of AC-DC conversion in every device.

Saved By the Sun

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

As a child, I was fed a steady stream of well-meaning propaganda at school — on a number of topics, not just solar power — and I could not understand my dad’s simple counter-argument that solar power was more expensive than conventional power.

I just watched the recent NOVA episode, Saved By the Sun, and I was shocked by the utter economic illiteracy of its analysis — comparable to my analysis at age eight.

For instance, it applauded the fact that Germany has a thriving solar industry. All it took was a government price guarantee of 50 cents per kilowatt-hour for energy sold back to the grid — when that energy from the grid costs 20 cents.

Of course people bought up solar panels to earn “free money” from the government. That’s quite different from actually producing wealth.

Incidentally, Germany’s energy prices are roughly double America’s.

Kournikova on wheels

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Chris Isidore calls Indy car driver Danica Patrick Kournikova on wheels:

Danica Patrick is set to start her third Indianapolis 500 this Sunday in the third row. But she’ll still be far ahead of the other drivers in the race in one important way: marketability.

Patrick has appeared on front pages, not just sports pages. She’s been in a Super Bowl commercial for GoDaddy.com, as well as spots for Procter & Gamble’s (Charts, Fortune 500) Secret deodorant and the Honda (Charts) Civic coupe. Her lead sponsor this year is cellphone maker Motorola (Charts, Fortune 500), a big step up from the subprime mortgage lender Argent that she had her first two years.

A survey of consumers conducted for Los Angeles-based entertainment marketing agency Davie Brown Entertainment found that 47 percent of those surveyed knew who she was.

That’s not only far above the 3.7 percent who were aware of last year’s Indy 500 winner Sam Hornish, it’s above some of the more successful drivers on the far more popular NASCAR circuit, such as Tony Stewart and Michael Waltrip, who are both recognized by about a third of those surveyed.

Among race car drivers, only NASCAR’s Jeff Gordon and Dale Earnhardt Jr., both with better than 60 percent recognition, are better known than Patrick, and neither of them have her appeal.

Davie Brown’s celebrity rating index gives her an 80 appeal rating, the fifth best of any athlete it includes in the survey. That not only tops Gordon and Earnhardt, it’s slightly better than superstar pitchmen Tiger Woods and Michael Jordan.

Selling less early may mean more later

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Selling less early may mean more later, when you’re a start-up selling a whole new category of product:

A distinguishing characteristic of many companies that make it, researchers discovered, is that they do not attempt to sell 50 products, but instead “go find early adopters, people who are risk-oriented senior executives who have been looking for it, [the new product] and haven’t been able to find it,” explains Dean.

Those executives, Dean explains, recognize that a given product could make a huge improvement in their firm’s competitive position if it works. They’re willing to put up with the hiccoughs of a new product to make that gain. “It’s a different mindset,” says Dean. “You’re trying to sell one product to the right person.”
[...]
“I saw tech firms say, ‘We’re hiring a sales executive from SAP or Seibel and we’re going to go out and blow the doors off the marketplace. That’s the model that does not work early in a tech company’s lifecycle.” Instead of a sales force or sales manager, says Dean, “You want an evangelist to go out and bring on one, two or three sales.”

Companies that believe they can sell a great deal of a new product, particularly one that is in a new category altogether, face numerous obstacles, Dean notes. First, target buyers probably do not have money budgeted for the new product, and even senior executives can’t do anything about that. “You just don’t sell a product out of a brand new category overnight,” says Dean. “You have to get into the budget and emotional cycle.”

The typical sales process from a standing start takes about six months, Dean says. “Sometimes you get lucky, but few people have the juice to change their company budget to do something midstream. In the best of all possible worlds, you want to evangelize the product in time for the next budget.”

Wealth and Self-Control

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Arnold Kling cites Greg Mankiw on Wealth and Self-Control:

The neoclassical theory of distribution teaches us that a person’s earnings depend on his or her productivity. But earnings are not the same as wealth. The accumulation of wealth is mostly about the ability to exert self-control.

As Ohio State economics professor Jay Zagorsky notes, high-IQ individuals earn more, but they spend much more.

Kiwi Fruit for America

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Kiwi Fruit for America explains what happened when New Zealand ended its agricultural subsidies:

Without subsidies, fertilizer use decreased, water quality increased, and yields were not affected. Additionally, farmers fit their production to the land. Marginal land, which was only farmed to receive subsidies, went out of production and reverted to native bush.

Competition also drove innovation, and farm productivity improved substantially. Labor productivity nearly doubled, and land productivity increased 85 percent. Lamb carcass weights rose 34 percent, and the quantity of milk solids produced per dairy cow increased by more than 30 percent.

Annual productivity gains before reform were about 1.5 percent. For the first 9 years after reform, they averaged 6 percent — higher than any other sector in the country’s economy.

Sapporo Beer Plots Escape From Sushi Bar

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

I know that I regularly drink Sapporo at the sushi bar — and nowhere else. Now Sapporo is plotting its escape from the sushi bar:

For most of its three decades in the U.S., Sapporo has been sold almost exclusively in foodservice settings. About 70% of the brand’s 2.4 million annual cases are distributed on premises, and about 80% of those locations are Asian-themed restaurants. (Grocery and liquor stores make up the balance of total sales.)

But that’s slowly changing, said Sapporo USA marketing chief Frank Pronio. Last year, as Sapporo began to use hip-hop fashion tie-ins to gain broader acceptance, its distribution widened, and total sales rose by about 15%, Mr. Pronio said. The brand’s slim budget limits its marketing activity to events and some in-house print and out-of-home ads.

The brewer has conducted events featuring fashion designers such as Zac Posen and hip-hop artists such as Common. A recent fashion event positioned the beer as an urban lifestyle brand featured on sneakers from Jhung Yuro, a bikini designed by Jungle Gurl, caps from New Era and even in a snazzy four-can pack from Zero Halliburton.

Why ‘Torture Porn’ Is the Hottest (and Most Hated) Thing in Hollywood

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Claude Brodesser-Akner of Advertising Age explains why torture porn — which is not literally pornography — is the hottest (and most hated) thing in Hollywood:

Welcome to the era of “torture porn,” the latest solution to Hollywood’s runaway studio budgets and bloated marketing.

In late March, owing to what Mr. Solomon insists was a printing mix-up, outdoor billboard ads for “Captivity” banned by the Motion Picture Association of America went up all over Los Angeles anyway. They showed the film’s star, Elisha Cuthbert, with a black-gloved hand over her mouth and the word CAPTURE. Next to it, as her mascara-stained eyes look tearfully out a cage, is the word CONFINEMENT. In the next panel, titled TORTURE, tubes are coming out of her nose, draining blood. The last frame shows the actress hanging dead, lying on her back with one breast prominently displayed. The word in this panel: TERMINATION.

“Parents went nuts,” said Mr. Solomon.

The press had a field day. Los Angeles Times columnist Steve Lopez wrote, “I felt like I needed to take a shower just from having been within a hundred feet of it.”

The creative community gagged. Jill Soloway, an executive producer of HBO’s “Six Feet Under,” blogged on the Huffington Post that “it managed to recall Abu Ghraib, the Holocaust, porn and snuff films all at once.”

As you might imagine, outrage is not necessarily a bad thing when you’re marketing a horror film.

Horror films make their money by bringing in decent box office numbers with very low costs — both production and marketing:

Made for just $1.5 million, ["Cabin Fever"] would go on to make $30 million worldwide as Lionsgate’s first wide-release horror movie. “Saw,” also released by Lionsgate, was made for $1.2 million in 2004 by producer Oren Koules. It would gross more than $103 million worldwide. Last year’s “Saw 3″ cost $10 million but managed more than $160 million worldwide. Suddenly, Big Hollywood was paying attention.
[...]
Unlike big-studio horror movies, torture porn isn’t just made cheaply; it’s marketed precisely and frugally.

“Generally what studios do is just take a movie and basically bombard people,” said Mr. Koules. “Hit them over the head with TV, radio, billboards. But there are six or eight really important horror websites, such as BloodyDisgusting.com and DreadCentral.com. We give them special blogs, we give them information, we let them release posters. So when Eli’s movie comes and does $30 million opening weekend, people say, ‘I didn’t see it 10,000 times on TV?!’ Well, that’s because playing it in a ‘Friends’ rerun doesn’t help anyone.”

Captive shark had ‘virgin birth’

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Captive shark had ‘virgin birth’:

The birth of the hammerhead (of the bonnethead species, Sphyrna tiburo) at Henry Doorly was as tragic as it was puzzling.

The new pup was soon killed by a stingray before keepers could remove it from its tank.

At the time, some theorised that a male tiger shark kept at the zoo could have been the father — but the institution’s three bonnethead females had none of the bite marks that are usually inflicted on their gender during shark sex.

Some even suggested that one of the females could have had sex in the wild and stored the sperm in her body — but the three-year period in captivity made this explanation highly unlikely.

The new tests on the dead pup’s tissues now show the newborn’s DNA only matched up with one of the females — and there was none of any male origin.

Although extremely rare in vertebrates, parthenogenesis (out of the Greek for “virgin birth”) occurs in a number of lower animals. Insects such as bees and ants use it to produce their drones, for example.

Kournikova on wheels

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Chris Isidore calls Indy car driver Danica Patrick Kournikova on wheels:

Danica Patrick is set to start her third Indianapolis 500 this Sunday in the third row. But she’ll still be far ahead of the other drivers in the race in one important way: marketability.

Patrick has appeared on front pages, not just sports pages. She’s been in a Super Bowl commercial for GoDaddy.com, as well as spots for Procter & Gamble’s (Charts, Fortune 500) Secret deodorant and the Honda (Charts) Civic coupe. Her lead sponsor this year is cellphone maker Motorola (Charts, Fortune 500), a big step up from the subprime mortgage lender Argent that she had her first two years.

A survey of consumers conducted for Los Angeles-based entertainment marketing agency Davie Brown Entertainment found that 47 percent of those surveyed knew who she was.

That’s not only far above the 3.7 percent who were aware of last year’s Indy 500 winner Sam Hornish, it’s above some of the more successful drivers on the far more popular NASCAR circuit, such as Tony Stewart and Michael Waltrip, who are both recognized by about a third of those surveyed.

Among race car drivers, only NASCAR’s Jeff Gordon and Dale Earnhardt Jr., both with better than 60 percent recognition, are better known than Patrick, and neither of them have her appeal.

Davie Brown’s celebrity rating index gives her an 80 appeal rating, the fifth best of any athlete it includes in the survey. That not only tops Gordon and Earnhardt, it’s slightly better than superstar pitchmen Tiger Woods and Michael Jordan.

Selling less early may mean more later

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Selling less early may mean more later, when you’re a start-up selling a whole new category of product:

A distinguishing characteristic of many companies that make it, researchers discovered, is that they do not attempt to sell 50 products, but instead “go find early adopters, people who are risk-oriented senior executives who have been looking for it, [the new product] and haven’t been able to find it,” explains Dean.

Those executives, Dean explains, recognize that a given product could make a huge improvement in their firm’s competitive position if it works. They’re willing to put up with the hiccoughs of a new product to make that gain. “It’s a different mindset,” says Dean. “You’re trying to sell one product to the right person.”
[...]
“I saw tech firms say, ‘We’re hiring a sales executive from SAP or Seibel and we’re going to go out and blow the doors off the marketplace. That’s the model that does not work early in a tech company’s lifecycle.” Instead of a sales force or sales manager, says Dean, “You want an evangelist to go out and bring on one, two or three sales.”

Companies that believe they can sell a great deal of a new product, particularly one that is in a new category altogether, face numerous obstacles, Dean notes. First, target buyers probably do not have money budgeted for the new product, and even senior executives can’t do anything about that. “You just don’t sell a product out of a brand new category overnight,” says Dean. “You have to get into the budget and emotional cycle.”

The typical sales process from a standing start takes about six months, Dean says. “Sometimes you get lucky, but few people have the juice to change their company budget to do something midstream. In the best of all possible worlds, you want to evangelize the product in time for the next budget.”

Wealth and Self-Control

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Arnold Kling cites Greg Mankiw on Wealth and Self-Control:

The neoclassical theory of distribution teaches us that a person’s earnings depend on his or her productivity. But earnings are not the same as wealth. The accumulation of wealth is mostly about the ability to exert self-control.

As Ohio State economics professor Jay Zagorsky notes, high-IQ individuals earn more, but they spend much more.

Kiwi Fruit for America

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Kiwi Fruit for America explains what happened when New Zealand ended its agricultural subsidies:

Without subsidies, fertilizer use decreased, water quality increased, and yields were not affected. Additionally, farmers fit their production to the land. Marginal land, which was only farmed to receive subsidies, went out of production and reverted to native bush.

Competition also drove innovation, and farm productivity improved substantially. Labor productivity nearly doubled, and land productivity increased 85 percent. Lamb carcass weights rose 34 percent, and the quantity of milk solids produced per dairy cow increased by more than 30 percent.

Annual productivity gains before reform were about 1.5 percent. For the first 9 years after reform, they averaged 6 percent — higher than any other sector in the country’s economy.

Sapporo Beer Plots Escape From Sushi Bar

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

I know that I regularly drink Sapporo at the sushi bar — and nowhere else. Now Sapporo is plotting its escape from the sushi bar:

For most of its three decades in the U.S., Sapporo has been sold almost exclusively in foodservice settings. About 70% of the brand’s 2.4 million annual cases are distributed on premises, and about 80% of those locations are Asian-themed restaurants. (Grocery and liquor stores make up the balance of total sales.)

But that’s slowly changing, said Sapporo USA marketing chief Frank Pronio. Last year, as Sapporo began to use hip-hop fashion tie-ins to gain broader acceptance, its distribution widened, and total sales rose by about 15%, Mr. Pronio said. The brand’s slim budget limits its marketing activity to events and some in-house print and out-of-home ads.

The brewer has conducted events featuring fashion designers such as Zac Posen and hip-hop artists such as Common. A recent fashion event positioned the beer as an urban lifestyle brand featured on sneakers from Jhung Yuro, a bikini designed by Jungle Gurl, caps from New Era and even in a snazzy four-can pack from Zero Halliburton.

Captive shark had ‘virgin birth’

Wednesday, May 23rd, 2007

Captive shark had ‘virgin birth’:

The birth of the hammerhead (of the bonnethead species, Sphyrna tiburo) at Henry Doorly was as tragic as it was puzzling.

The new pup was soon killed by a stingray before keepers could remove it from its tank.

At the time, some theorised that a male tiger shark kept at the zoo could have been the father — but the institution’s three bonnethead females had none of the bite marks that are usually inflicted on their gender during shark sex.

Some even suggested that one of the females could have had sex in the wild and stored the sperm in her body — but the three-year period in captivity made this explanation highly unlikely.

The new tests on the dead pup’s tissues now show the newborn’s DNA only matched up with one of the females — and there was none of any male origin.

Although extremely rare in vertebrates, parthenogenesis (out of the Greek for “virgin birth”) occurs in a number of lower animals. Insects such as bees and ants use it to produce their drones, for example.