In Defoe’s Time, the Specter Of Plagues Was Ever-Present

Friday, November 18th, 2005

In In Defoe’s Time, the Specter Of Plagues Was Ever-Present, Cynthia Crossen asks, If avian flu begins to pass from human to human, as the plague did in the 17th century, should people with symptoms of the disease be immediately isolated, even if that means virtually imprisoning them?:

Defoe, a journalist best known for his earlier novel, Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719, wrote about the plague years in an authoritative first-person voice, as though he himself had witnessed the extraordinary acts of horror, courage and cowardice he chronicles. But in 1665, the year the Black Death decimated London, Defoe was only about five years old. Using his imagination to flesh out the few statistics and contemporary narratives available to him, Defoe draws a terrible but riveting picture of a society trying to outrun death.

Medical science offered no vaccination or cure for the plague — ‘We were not to expect that the physicians could stop God’s judgments,’ Defoe writes — so England’s only line of defense was to prevent those who became infected from contaminating others. Some went to ‘pest houses,’ but in many cities, including London, a cheaper solution was simply to lock the sick and their families in their own homes, allowing no one to enter or leave for 40 days. Round-the-clock watchmen guarded their doors, on which foot-long red crosses and the words ‘Lord, have mercy upon us’ were drawn.

Unfortunately, imprisoning the healthy with the infected condemned all to death. So people came up with ingenious ways of distracting the watchmen, breaking the locks and escaping. One large family, confined because one of their maids had become ill, escaped through a large hole they had punched in the wall of their house. Another family used gunpowder to blow up their watchman and fled through their windows. ‘It would fill a little volume to set down the arts used by people to shut the eyes of the watchmen and to escape or break out,’ Defoe writes. And because the escapees rendered themselves homeless, they wandered around in desperate circumstances, sometimes surviving the plague only to starve to death.

The Future for The Unheavenly City

Thursday, November 17th, 2005

In The Future for The Unheavenly City, James K. Glassman looks at the effects of the European social model, which tends to lock the young and underqualified out of the job market:

In his 1970 book, The Unheavenly City, Banfield developed the thesis that, while successful contributors to society look to the future, the underclass is ‘present-oriented.’ Burning cars make a bright present but a dim future.

Future orientation comes through an economic system that convinces people that by investing (in themselves, if not in businesses), they will reap large benefits down the road. In much of Europe, that is not happening.

Prisoner of Narnia

Thursday, November 17th, 2005

Adam Gopknik looks at C. S. Lewis, the Prisoner of Narnia:

The British literary scholar, Christian apologist, and children’s-book author C. S. Lewis is one of two figures — Churchill is the other — whose reputation in Britain is so different from their reputation in America that we might as well be talking about two (or is that four?) different men. A god to the right in America, Churchill is admired in England but hardly beatified — more often thought of as a willful man of sporadic accomplishment who was at last called upon to do the one thing in life that he was capable of doing supremely well. In America, Lewis is a figure who has been incised on stained glass — truly: there’s a stained-glass window with Lewis in it in a church in Monrovia, California — and remains, for the more intellectual and literate reaches of conservative religiosity, a saint revered and revealed, particularly in such books as “The Problem of Pain” and “The Screwtape Letters.” In England, he is commonly regarded as a slightly embarrassing polemicist, who made joke-vicar broadcasts on the BBC, but who also happened to write a few very good books about late-medieval poetry and inspire several good students. (A former Archbishop of Canterbury, no less, “couldn’t stand” Lewis, because of his bullying brand of religiosity, though John Paul II was said to be an admirer.)

The British, of course, are capable of being embarrassed by anybody, and that they are embarrassed by Lewis does not prove that he is embarrassing.

So true:

Yet a central point of the Gospel story is that Jesus is not the lion of the faith but the lamb of God, while his other symbolic animal is, specifically, the lowly and bedraggled donkey. The moral force of the Christian story is that the lions are all on the other side. If we had, say, a donkey, a seemingly uninspiring animal from an obscure corner of Narnia, raised as an uncouth and low-caste beast of burden, rallying the mice and rats and weasels and vultures and all the other unclean animals, and then being killed by the lions in as humiliating a manner as possible — a donkey who reëmerges, to the shock even of his disciples and devotees, as the king of all creation — now, that would be a Christian allegory. A powerful lion, starting life at the top of the food chain, adored by all his subjects and filled with temporal power, killed by a despised evil witch for his power and then reborn to rule, is a Mithraic, not a Christian, myth.

‘Metropolis’ film poster sells for record $690,000

Tuesday, November 15th, 2005

I’ll happily settle for a cheap reproduction. From ‘Metropolis’ film poster sells for record $690,000:

A poster for the classic German 1920s film ‘Metropolis’ has been sold for a world record $690,000 to a private collector from the United States, the London gallery which arranged the sale said on Tuesday.

The sale beat the previous record for a movie poster of $453,500, set in 1997 by a poster for the 1932 film ‘The Mummy,’ the Reel Poster Gallery said.

Graphic artist Heinz Schulz-Neudamm designed the sepia-colored poster featuring the futuristic skyline which helped make Fritz Lang’s film famous.

The art deco poster is one of only four known copies in existence. The Museum of Modern Art in New York and Berlin’s Film Museum have one each while another is in a private collection.

Kinkajou Repeatedly Attacks Elderly Woman

Tuesday, November 15th, 2005

Beware the Jubjub bird, shun the frumious Bandersnatch, and above all watch out for the manxome Kinkajou! Kinkajou Repeatedly Attacks Elderly Woman:

An elderly Pontotoc County woman received 20 stitches after being attacked and repeatedly bitten by a kinkajou, a raccoon-like pet that had escaped from a home five miles away.

Sadie Hester, 82, said she heard her dogs barking and fighting with something on the front porch Friday night.

‘I went out there Saturday morning about 8 to clean up the porch because they’d torn everything up,’ she said. ‘I thought whatever it was, was gone. I never saw him.’

Hester said as she started sweeping, the kinkajou jumped on her and wrapped his tail around her arm.

‘He kept biting my hands because I was trying to pry his teeth out of my hands,’ she said. ‘I just kept trying to get him off, and he tore up my left arm pretty bad.’

Hester got 16 stitches in her left arm and four in her right hand. She also received several bites that did not require stitches.

Transvestites Hoodwink Tourists With Kiss

Tuesday, November 15th, 2005

What happens in Thailand stays in Thailand. Transvestites Hoodwink Tourists With Kiss:

Members of a transvestite gang have confessed to concealing strong sedative pills under their tongues and spitting them down the throats of their victims while kissing, causing them to pass out so they can be easily robbed, police said.

The confession came from three attractive transvestites arrested last week in Bangkok for stealing more than $7,300 in cash and valuables from a Bangladeshi businessman, said police Lt. Col. Akachai Chaicharoen.

America’s First War on Islamic Terror

Tuesday, November 15th, 2005

Orrin Judd interviews Joshua E. London’s about his new book on America’s Barbary Wars, Victory in Tripoli : How America’s War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation, in America’s First War on Islamic Terror:

The United States encountered Islam very early in our history. America’s first diplomatic encounter with Islam, in the form of John Adams’ and Thomas Jefferson’s meeting with the Ambassador of Tripoli to Brittan in May 1786, explicitly revealed, over two hundred years ago, the religious nature of the conflict — the jihad — facing the United States. That was before what we call ‘Colonialism’ entered the lands of Islam, before there were any oil interests dragging us into the fray, and well before the founding of the State of Israel. America became entangled in that part of the world and dragged into a war with the Barbary States simply because of the religious obligation within Islam to bring belief to those who do not share it. From there, the other similarities and parallels become almost comically obvious — the hostage crises, the arms for hostage deals, the basic sociological communications divide between Americans and Muslims, the back-handed dealings, the political calculations and expediency, etc.

Keeping a Genre Alive

Tuesday, November 15th, 2005

I’m not sure why, but they’re Keeping a Genre Alive:

Now, two decades after the heyday of text-based games, people like Mr. Muñiz are trying to keep the genre alive. Fans post their own text-only adventures online for free, and meet in chat rooms dedicated to the craft.

And once a year, they participate in the annual Interactive Fiction Competition. The contest, going on now and in its 11th year, serves as a sort of Super Bowl of the genre.
[...]
In the old days, a text adventure game was built to take about 20 hours to play, so that customers would feel that they were getting their money’s worth. The rules of the new amateur competition dictate that games must be designed so they can be completed in under two hours. As a result, many writers have dumped the labyrinthine puzzles of the classic games in favor of a more literary approach. Some show off punchy language. Others highlight character development. Still others experiment with style: “Photopia,” the winner of the 1998 contest, leaps back and forth through time and space, and between characters (it can be downloaded here). “Shade,” an entry in the 2000 competition, is a dark, existential piece set in a one-room apartment (play it online here).

I suppose I should give Adam Cadré’s Photopia a whirl.

Romancing the Globe

Monday, November 14th, 2005

Romancing the Globe examines the amazing global popularity of telenovelas:

Accounts of the global impact of Latin American soap operas, or telenovelas, are now legion. In post-communist Russia, the Mexican hit Los Ricos Tambien Lloran (The Rich Also Cry) became the country’s top-rated show; roughly 70 percent of the Russian population, more than 100 million people, tuned in regularly. Latin American telenovela stars often find themselves mobbed at airports in places as distant as Poland, Indonesia, and Lebanon. In postwar Bosnia, U.S. diplomats intervened to ensure that the Venezuelan show Kassandra could stay on the air in the midst of a tug of war between Bosnian Serb factions for control of the media. In Israel, the Mexican novela Mirada de Mujer (The Gaze of a Woman) was broadcast with both Hebrew and Russian subtitles to ensure that recent Russian immigrants wouldn’t miss an episode. And in the United States, the Latin American shows have become top sellers on Spanish-language networks, which have themselves outpaced English-language networks in some major markets, such as Miami and Los Angeles.

In all, about 2 billion people around the world watch telenovelas. For better or worse, these programs have attained a prominent place in the global marketplace of culture, and their success illuminates one of the back channels of globalization. For those who despair that Hollywood or the American television industry dominates and defines globalization, the telenovela phenomenon suggests that there is still room for the unexpected. Indeed, the success of telenovelas is often celebrated as an example of reverse cultural imperialism or, as one academic memorably called it, “Montezuma’s Revenge.”

The Hummer Lives

Monday, November 14th, 2005

I didn’t realize exactly what an H2 was. From The Hummer Lives:

Hummer’s odyssey as a consumer brand starts, as many know, with Arnold Schwarzenegger, who famously adopted a civilian version of the military-grade Humvee troop vehicle, now sold as the Hummer H1. Intrigued by the mojo created by the combination of the Terminator and the Humvee’s ultra-tough military look, GM bought the rights to the Hummer consumer brand. In 2002, Hummer launched the H2, which was basically a Chevy Tahoe in a chrome-trimmed Hummer suit. Early advertising for the H2 played up the hulking vehicle’s intimidation factor, and the H2 became a cultural icon in the post-9/11 world.

But icon status can boomerang. As H2 sales boomed past GM’s internal expectations during 2003, the H2 became a fat target for environmentalists and other social critics who saw the big truck as an emblem of Detroit’s cockeyed priorities. Here, after all, was a ‘family’ vehicle so big that it was classified as a medium-duty commercial truck, and thus exempt from reporting estimated fuel economy on its window sticker. (That so many H2 buyers subsequently complained to market researchers at J.D. Power and Associates about poor fuel economy is one of those bits of data that keep alive P.T. Barnum’s line about the frequency at which suckers are born.)

Then, as gasoline prices started to rise last year, H2 demand began to fall. Fortunately for GM, the company had already been working on a new, smaller Hummer, called the H3. Derived from the underpinnings of the Chevrolet Colorado pickup, the H3 had an unusual in-line, five-cylinder engine that even in the 5,850-pound SUV was rated at 16 miles-per-gallon city, 19 highway (with automatic transmission).

Pennsylvania May Let Hunters Use Prehistoric Weapon

Sunday, November 13th, 2005

Drawing of Atlatl Man by Ken BrownPennsylvania May Let Hunters Use Prehistoric Weapon:

The state Game Commission is currently drafting proposed regulations to allow hunters to use the atlatl, a small wooden device used to propel a six-foot dart as fast as 80 mph. The commission could vote to legalize its use as early as January.

It’s unclear which animals atlatlists may be allowed to hunt, but the proposal is being pushed by people who want to kill deer with a handmade weapon of Stone Age design. The name, usually pronounced AT-lad-ul, is derived from an Aztec word for ‘throwing board.’

[...]

To use an atlatl, throwers hook arrowlike hunting darts into the end of the atlatl, which is generally a wooden piece about 2 feet long. The leverage of the atlatl allows them to throw the 5- to 8-foot darts much farther than they could throw a spear.

At BPS Engineering in Manhattan, Mont., a leading manufacturer of atlatls, sales have averaged about 450 in recent years, said owner Bob Perkins. Customers pay $140 for his company’s 2-foot maple production-line model, the Warrior, along with a set of five 5 1/2-foot aluminum darts.

Perkins has killed two deer with atlatls and, a couple weeks ago, got his first buffalo.

“Atlatls were the first true weapon system developed by the human race,” he said. “They were used longer than any other weapon. Comparatively speaking, the bow and arrow was a recent development in projectile technology.”

There is evidence that the weapons were used more than 8,000 years ago in Pennsylvania, said Kurt Carr, an archaeologist with the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.

I’m not surprised that enthusiasts would like to hunt with prehistoric weapons, but I am a bit surprised that they’d want to buy mass-produced prehistoric-style weapons that throw aluminum darts.

Nobody goes to engineering school because of brilliance in writing

Saturday, November 12th, 2005

With Drucker’s recent passing, I went back and read Wired‘s old interview with him from 1993. I enjoyed his point that nobody goes to engineering school because of brilliance in writing:

I ran an unscientific time check the other day on the brilliant engineering department of a big company. I just asked engineers to keep a time log for a few weeks. I learned they spend two-thirds of their time polishing reports. Nobody goes to engineering school because of brilliance in writing. On the other hand, the world is full of English majors who can do nothing else. It has taken me two years to get that company to accept the fact that you want your engineers to give you the data, and maybe even write the first draft. But since it takes five drafts before you have a decent report, you hire editors.

Peter Drucker, RIP

Saturday, November 12th, 2005

I can’t believe I had to learn of Peter Drucker’s passing from Boing Boing. He was 95. Wired interviewed him back in 1993, for their third issue.

Separation of Family and State

Saturday, November 12th, 2005

Arnold Kling views the recent French riots as a teenage rebellion against the state as parent. From Separation of Family and State:

One way to describe libertarianism is that we believe in the separation of family and state as strongly as the American Civil Liberties Union believes in the separation of church and state. In contrast, both the Left and the Right view government as a substitute parent. As pointed out by George Lakoff in Moral Politics, the Left wants government to be a nurturant parent and the Right wants government to be a strict parent.

Libertarianism does not want the government to act as a parent. What I want is for government to ensure that property disputes are resolved peacefully, according to rules. The rules themselves do not have to be perfect. They should reflect prevailing custom, which in turn may evolve gradually over time.

My Bionic Quest for Boléro

Friday, November 11th, 2005

Michael Chorost tells his story of near-deafness, to sudden total deafness, and back again, in My Bionic Quest for Boléro:

And then, on July 7, 2001, at 10:30 am, I lost my ability to hear Boléro — and everything else. While I was waiting to pick up a rental car in Reno, I suddenly thought the battery in my hearing aid had died. I replaced it. No luck. I switched hearing aids. Nothing.

I got into my rental car and drove to the nearest emergency room. For reasons that are still unknown, my only functioning ear had suffered “sudden-onset deafness.” I was reeling, trying to navigate in a world where the volume had been turned down to zero.

But there was a solution, a surgeon at Stanford Hospital told me a week later, speaking slowly so I could read his lips. I could have a computer surgically installed in my skull. A cochlear implant, as it is known, would trigger my auditory nerves with 16 electrodes that snaked inside my inner ear. It seemed drastic, and the $50,000 price tag was a dozen times more expensive than a high-end hearing aid. I went home and cried. Then I said yes.
[...]
In early September, the surgeon drilled a tunnel through an inch and a half of bone behind my left ear and inserted the 16 electrodes along the auditory nerve fibers in my cochlea. He hollowed a well in my skull about the size of three stacked quarters and snapped in the implant.

When the device was turned on a month after surgery, the first sentence I heard sounded like “Zzzzzz szz szvizzz ur brfzzzzzz?” My brain gradually learned how to interpret the alien signal.

His cochlear implant was software-upgradeable, and he eventually got back the ability to enjoy music.