In In Defoe’s Time, the Specter Of Plagues Was Ever-Present, Cynthia Crossen asks, If avian flu begins to pass from human to human, as the plague did in the 17th century, should people with symptoms of the disease be immediately isolated, even if that means virtually imprisoning them?:
Defoe, a journalist best known for his earlier novel, Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719, wrote about the plague years in an authoritative first-person voice, as though he himself had witnessed the extraordinary acts of horror, courage and cowardice he chronicles. But in 1665, the year the Black Death decimated London, Defoe was only about five years old. Using his imagination to flesh out the few statistics and contemporary narratives available to him, Defoe draws a terrible but riveting picture of a society trying to outrun death.Medical science offered no vaccination or cure for the plague — ‘We were not to expect that the physicians could stop God’s judgments,’ Defoe writes — so England’s only line of defense was to prevent those who became infected from contaminating others. Some went to ‘pest houses,’ but in many cities, including London, a cheaper solution was simply to lock the sick and their families in their own homes, allowing no one to enter or leave for 40 days. Round-the-clock watchmen guarded their doors, on which foot-long red crosses and the words ‘Lord, have mercy upon us’ were drawn.
Unfortunately, imprisoning the healthy with the infected condemned all to death. So people came up with ingenious ways of distracting the watchmen, breaking the locks and escaping. One large family, confined because one of their maids had become ill, escaped through a large hole they had punched in the wall of their house. Another family used gunpowder to blow up their watchman and fled through their windows. ‘It would fill a little volume to set down the arts used by people to shut the eyes of the watchmen and to escape or break out,’ Defoe writes. And because the escapees rendered themselves homeless, they wandered around in desperate circumstances, sometimes surviving the plague only to starve to death.