The Dogs of War

Friday, June 7th, 2013

Dogs Of War by Frederick ForsythA former Special Forces weapons man describes Frederick Forsyth’s The Dogs of War as Staging a Coup for Dummies — although international arms transfer policies have changed enormously since 1974.

The 1980 film simplifies the story immensely and adds a lot of Hollywood-style action — but it does start off with a rather authentic depiction of a Third World country:

Shannon’s arrival in and reconnaissance of Zangaro are a high point of the film. Yes, his tradecraft is for the birds (pun intended) and he completely fails to be the grey man. But the setting is pure gold. SF guys who have been on missions to some of the world’s naturally-fertilized garden spots will recognize the petty corruption, civic decay, and cult of personality. (To us it was redolent of Bouterse-era Suriname).

[...]

The battle scenes are typical 1970s war film stock, with a lot of gasoline explosions and even more full-auto hip-shooting. Weapons are depicted as magically accurate in skilled hands, however casually those hands operate the weapons; most every shot hits and every hit produces instant collapse and death; the stricken fall and lie still, usually without a sound. No one seeks or uses cover, or approaches an enemy position with the slightest sophistication. In 1980, no one was putting actors through a couple days of “this is how soldiers act” training, as made famous by Marine vet Dale Dye. And it shows.

That might actually be accurate behavior for a number of Third World armies, but even they — particularly soldiers of an embattled and unloved dictator in the twilight of his reign — show a normal human interest in self-preservation.

The most “Hollywood” element of the film is the so-called XM-18 grenade launcher:

The weapon was actually a Manville Machine Projector in 26.5mm caliber. This 20-shooter flare revolver, made mostly of aluminum, is assigned nearly supernatural properties in the film, but in its heyday in the 1920s and 30s was used mostly by riot police and prison guards to launch tear gas. (In the movie, they made it go bang by making alloy chamber inserts in 12 gauge, which hold 12-gauge blanks). The movie never shows the extremely fiddly loading process of this weapon, which you can see on this rather poorly converted-from-VHS video. The actual movie gun is on display in Long Mountain Outfitters, Dan Shea’s dealership in Nevada, which bought the stock of a movie rental company some years ago.

In the 1970s or 80s, a company did try to revive a 40mm variant as a 12-shot weapon called the Hawk MM-1, which featured an improved loading process that doesn’t require the operator to disassemble the gun. But even though the excellent world.guns.ru says it was used by US Special Forces, it wasn’t, at least beyond, perhaps, a tryout. The problem with any kind of 40mm repeater has always been the bulk and weight of weapon and ammo, particularly when the operator needs a second weapon for close-in self-defense.

The Red Wedding

Wednesday, June 5th, 2013

The Red Wedding is based on a couple real events from Scottish history, G.R.R. Martin explains:

One was a case called The Black Dinner. The king of Scotland was fighting the Black Douglas clan. He reached out to make peace. He offered the young Earl of Douglas safe passage. He came to Edinburgh Castle and had a great feast. Then at the end of the feast, [the king's men] started pounding on a single drum. They brought out a covered plate and put it in front of the Earl and revealed it was the head of a black boar — the symbol of death. And as soon as he saw it, he knew what it meant. They dragged them out and put them to death in the courtyard. The larger instance was the Glencoe Massacre. Clan MacDonald stayed with the Campbell clan overnight and the laws of hospitality supposedly applied. But the Campbells arose and started butchering every MacDonald they could get their hands on. No matter how much I make up, there’s stuff in history that’s just as bad, or worse.

How early in the process of writing the book series did Martin know he was going to kill off Robb and Catelyn?

I knew it almost from the beginning. Not the first day, but very soon. I’ve said in many interviews that I like my fiction to be unpredictable. I like there to be considerable suspense. I killed Ned in the first book and it shocked a lot of people. I killed Ned because everybody thinks he’s the hero and that, sure, he’s going to get into trouble, but then he’ll somehow get out of it. The next predictable thing is to think his eldest son is going to rise up and avenge his father. And everybody is going to expect that. So immediately [killing Robb] became the next thing I had to do.

Spitfire 944

Sunday, June 2nd, 2013

When I first started watching Spitfire 944, I became suspicious that the footage was from one “Doc” Savage, but it’s not a pulp alternative history; it’s the story of an American reconnaissance pilot who flew an unarmed Spitfire, alone, over Berlin, to photograph bombing targets:

By the way, the narrator and the subject seem to have archetypal American accents of the two generations — greatest and hipster.

(Hat tip à mon père.)

It’s Not About The Nail

Saturday, June 1st, 2013

It’s not about the nail:

(Hat tip to Nick B. Steves.)

Mike Judge interviewed by Alex Jones

Friday, May 31st, 2013

Mike Judge recently invited conspiracy-theorist Alex Jones to interview him:

(Hat tip to Steve Sailer.)

Jack Vance

Thursday, May 30th, 2013

Science-fiction grand master Jack Vance recently passed away at the age of 96.  He lived a full life:

John Holbrook Vance was born August 28, 1916 in San Francisco CA. He worked as a bellhop, in a cannery, and on a gold dredge before attending the University of California, Berkeley, where he studied engineering, physics, and journalism, though he never graduated. A lifelong musician and music lover, Vance’s first published works were jazz reviews for The Daily Californian.

Vance worked as an electrician at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, leaving the area a month before the December 1941 attack that brought the US into WWII. His poor eyesight made it impossible for him to serve in the military, but he memorized an eye chart and joined the Merchant Marine. He wrote his first published story, “The World-Thinker” (1945), while at sea. Before becoming a full-time writer in the 1970s, he worked as a seaman, surveyor, and carpenter, among other occupations. He married Norma Genevieve Ingold in 1946; she died in 2008. Vance traveled the world extensively, living and writing in Tahiti, South Africa, Italy, and Kashmir, among other locales.

He published short fiction prolifically in the pulps in the late ’40s and early ’50s, contributing regularly to Startling Stories and Thrilling Wonder Stories. Notable short works include “Telek” (1952), “The Moon Moth” (1961), and Hugo- and Nebula-award winning novella “The Last Castle” (1966).

Vance is perhaps best known for his Dying Earth stories, which hold the dubious distinction of inspiring D&D‘s idiosyncratic magic system:

As he sat gazing across the darkening land, memory took Turjan to a night of years before, when the Sage had stood beside him.

“In ages gone,” the Sage had said, his eyes fixed on a low star, “a thousand spells were known to sorcery and the wizards effected their wills. Today, as Earth dies, a hundred spells remain to man’s knowledge, and these have come to us through the ancient books … But there is one called Pandelume, who knows all the spells, all the incantations, cantraps, runes, and thaumaturgies that have ever wrenched and molded space .. .” He had fallen silent, lost in his thoughts.

“Where is this Pandelume?” Turjan had asked presently.

“He dwells in the land of Embelyon,” the Sage had replied, “but where this land lies, no one knows.”

“How does one find Pandelume, then?”

The Sage had smiled faintly. “If it were ever necessary, a spell exists to take one there.”

Both had been silent a moment; then the Sage had spoken, staring out over the forest

“One may ask anything of Pandelume, and Pandelume will answer—provided that the seeker performs the service Pandelume requires. And Pandelume drives a hard bargain.”

Then the Sage had shown Turjan the spell in question, which he had discovered in an ancient portfolio, and kept secret from all the world.

Turjan, remembering this conversation, descended to his study, a long low hall with stone walls and a stone floor deadened by a thick russet rug. The tomes which held Turjan’s sorcery lay on the long table of black steel or were thrust helter-skelter into shelves. These were volumes compiled by many wizards of the past, untidy folios collected by the Sage, leather-bound librams setting forth the syllables of a hundred powerful spells, so cogent that Turjan’s brain could know but four at a time.

Turjan found a musty portfolio, turned the heavy pages to the spell the Sage had shown him, the Call to the Violent Cloud. He stared down at the characters and they burned with an urgent power, pressing off the page as if frantic to leave the dark solitude of the book.

Turjan closed the book, forcing the spell back into oblivion. He robed himself with a short blue cape, tucked a blade into his belt, fitted the amulet holding Laccodel’s Rune to his wrist. Then he sat down and from a journal chose the spells he would take with him. What dangers he might meet he could not know, so he selected three spells of general application: the Excellent Prismatic Spray, Phandaal’s Mantle of Stealth, and the Spell of the Slow Hour.

He climbed the parapets of his castle and stood under the far stars, breathing the air of ancient Earth … How many times had this air been breathed before him? What cries of pain had this air experienced, what sighs, laughs, war shouts, cries of exultation, gasps…

The night was wearing on. A blue light wavered in the forest. Turjan watched a moment, then at last squared himself and uttered the Call to the Violent Cloud.

All was quiet; then came a whisper of movement swelling to the roar of great winds. A wisp of white appeared and waxed to a pillar of boiling black smoke. A voice deep and harsh issued from the turbulence.

“At your disturbing power is this instrument come; whence will you go?”

“Four Directions, then One,” said Turjan. “Alive must I be brought to Embelyon.”

The cloud whirled down; far up and away he was snatched, flung head over heels into incalculable distance.

Four directions was he thrust, then one, and at last a great blow hurled him from the cloud, sprawled him into Embelyon.

Turjan gained his feet and tottered a moment, half-dazed. His senses steadied; he looked about him.

He stood on the bank of a limpid pool. Blue flowers grew, about his ankles and at his back reared a grove of tall blue-green trees, the leaves blurring on high into mist. Was Embelyon of Earth? The trees were Earth-like, the flowers were of familiar form, the air was of the same texture … But there was an odd lack to this land and it was difficult to determine. Perhaps it came of the horizon’s curious vagueness, perhaps from the blurring quality of the air, lucent and uncertain as water. Most strange, however, was the sky, a mesh of vast ripples and cross-ripples, and these refracted a thousand shafts of colored light, rays which in mid-air wove wondrous laces, rainbow nets, in all the jewel hues. So as Turjan watched, there swept over him beams of claret, topaz, rich violet, radiant green. He now perceived that the colors of the flowers and the trees were but fleeting functions of the sky, for now the flowers were of salmon tint, and the trees a dreaming purple. The flowers deepened to copper, then with a suffusion of crimson, warmed through maroon to scarlet, and the trees had become sea-blue.

“The Land None Knows Where,” said Turjan to himself. “Have I been brought high, low, into a pre-existence or into the after-world?” He looked toward the horizon and thought to see a black curtain rising high into the murk, and this curtain encircled the land in all directions.

Vance’s Dying Earth stories are also known for their sesquipedalian loquaciousness.

Zulu Dawn

Saturday, May 25th, 2013

I recently rewatched Zulu Dawn, a movie I vividly remembered from my childhood — only it turns out I didn’t vividly remember anything before the climax, which depicts the Brits’ crushing defeat at the Battle of Isandlwana.

The British, as always, are depicted as bumbling, which, in this case, is pretty well justified. The British commander, Lord Chelmsford, refuses to circle the wagons — into a Boer-style laager — or to prepare entrenchments of any sort — when facing a potentially enormous army wielding spears and clubs, where a simple palisade could become a serious force-multiplier.

Zulu Dawn Line of British Soldiers

I’ve always heard the famed Zulu spear referred to as an assegai, by the way, but that’s not a Zulu term. Assegai is a Berber word for spear, which somehow became the English word for any African spear.  Shaka’s innovative short-hafted spear with a sword-like blade, designed for close combat, was dubbed the iklwa — a grisly bit of onomatopoeia for the sound it made when pulled from a victim.

The film depicts the British soldiers running out of ammunition and has the old stickler of a quartermaster doling out boxes of ammo by the book, one at a time, to soldiers who have waited in a proper queue, which doesn’t seem to have happened in real life.

Zulu Dawn Quartermaster and Ammo Wagon

The Martini-Henry rifle the soldiers were using was a single-shot rifle. It was a breech-loader, but it wasn’t a magazine-rifle. In ideal conditions — at the range, with ammunition laid out ahead of time — a marksman might achieve 20 aimed rounds per minute at a target 200 yards away, but, in less than ideal conditions, soldiers were expected to shoot maybe five rounds per minute. The 1884 edition of the Field Exercise Manual, which came out after the Battle of Isandlwana, explains the prevailing philosophy:

In action Musketry Fire is the main element. It cannot be left to individual initiation without its degenerating into a useless expenditure of ammunition.

Experience in later wars bears out the wisdom that most rifle fire is a useless expenditure of ammunition. In both World Wars, tens of thousands of rounds were fired per casualty inflicted. That’s why our modern troops shoot a glorified .22.

So, British tactical doctrine emphasized using a low rate of fire in order to produce a high rate of effective fire:

The optimum rates quoted in the manual were only desirable during the last stages of a determined attack, when it was necessary to break up a charge before it struck home. When firing at longer ranges, a slower rate of fire was distinctly preferable. At Gingindlovu — where the fire was less disciplined and therefore more rapid than at Isandlwana — Captain Hutton observed that ‘the average number of rounds fired per man was rather under seven; that of the marines next to me was sixteen’. In his autobiography, Evelyn Wood noted that at Khambula — a battle where the intensity of the Zulu attack arguably matched that at Isandlwana — ‘the Line Battalions were very steady, expending in four hours an average of 33 rounds per man’.(7) At Ulundi, the average was 10 rounds expended in half an hour. Colonel C.E. Callwell, in his wide-ranging review of colonial warfare first published in 1896, provides a number of examples of rates of fire with Martini-Henry rifles from outside the Zulu campaign. At the battle of Charasia, in the 2nd Afghan War, ‘the 72nd fired 30 rounds a man, being heavily engaged for some hours’.(8) At Ahmed Khel it was only 10 rounds per man, while at El Teb and Tamai in the Sudan — both battles in which the enemy launched extremely determined attacks — ‘the troops most committed fired about 50 rounds a man’. By contrast, French troops at the battle of Achupa in Dahomey fired about 80 rounds a man in two hours, using a magazine rifle with a much faster rate of fire — a statistic that Callwell considered ‘remarkable’.

These steady rates of fire were the product of the deliberate policy encouraged by official training manuals, where slow fire was regarded as effective fire. At Ulundi, the war correspondent Melton Prior noted with some disdain that Lord Chelmsford met a particularly determined Zulu attack with the order ‘Men, fire faster; can’t you fire faster?’ and contrasted this with Sir Garnet Wolseley’s maxim ‘fire slow, fire slow’.(9) The measured volleys of the 24th at Isandlwana can be compared favourably to the experience of Private Williams of the 1/24th, Col. Glyn’s groom. Williams was in the camp at Isandlwana as the Zulu attack developed, and together with several officers’ servants, began to fire from the edge of the tent area at the distant Zulus. This was independent fire, with no one to direct it, and Williams noted that ‘we fired 40 to 50 rounds each when the Native Contingent fell back on the camp and one of their officers pointed out to me that the enemy were entering the right of the camp. We then went to the right … and fired away the remainder of our ammunition’.(10) Note, however, that even under these conditions, Williams’ 70 rounds lasted him throughout most of the battle.

Before leaving the question of the effectiveness of Martini-Henry fire at Isandlwana, it is worth noting that Smith-Dorrien’s comment that the 24th were ‘making every round tell’ should be taken as a tribute to their reliability rather than at face value. This is particularly important, because an unrealistic assessment of the potential destructiveness of rifles on the battlefield can distort our reading of events. Clearly, if the 24th did indeed hit their targets with every shot, the 600-odd men of the 24th in the firing line would have killed the entire Zulu army in 34 volleys! In battles across history — the more so in recent times, with modern rapid-fire weapons — the ratio of shots to hits is always high. The level of accuracy expected on the firing range was not attainable in the field, where even the strongest nerves could be unsettled by the tension of battle, and where the enemy was not only a moving target, but firing back. At Isandlwana, the Zulu attack was carried out in open order, making good use of the ground, and the warriors only drew together during the final rush. When caught in the open, the 24th’s volleys were devastatingly effective, but the Zulus naturally sought to avoid this situation. It is no coincidence that the attack of the Zulu centre stalled when it reached the protection of the dongas at the foot of the iNyoni ridge. Having found cover under heavy fire at close range, the warriors found it difficult to regain the impetus of their attack, and mount an assault up an open slope into the teeth of the 24th’s fire.

It has been estimated that at long ranges (700–1400 yards) volley fire was no more than 2 % effective. At medium range (300–700 yards) it might rise to 5% effectiveness, and at close range (100–300 yards) 15% effectiveness.(11) Given the amount of smoke produced by close-range fighting in any battle, and the effects of adrenaline generated by the proximity of the enemy, even that figure might be optimistic. It’s interesting to note that at Gingindlovu, if Hutton’s estimate of the number of rounds fired by the 60th Rifles is correct, then 540 men fired over 5000 rounds; he noted afterwards the just 61 dead were found within 500 yards of their line, in the most destructive fire-zone. Although more undoubtedly fell at longer ranges, and an incalculable number were wounded — several times the number killed — this figure suggests a ratio of 80 shots to kill one Zulu. At Khambula, using Wood’s figure as a basis, some 1200 infantry fired nearly 40,000 rounds of ammunition, killing up to 2000 Zulus — a rather better ratio of 20:1, reflecting the greater experience of the battalions involved. In both cases, numbers of the enemy were killed by artillery fire, and many more in the pursuit, so the proportion of kills attributed to the infantry should be further adjusted downward. Taking the war as a whole, it probably took between 30 and 40 shots on average to kill one Zulu, although a number of those shots might have inflicted wounds and incapacitated the victims.

If only they had Garands

Nikola Tesla Pitching Silicon Valley VCs

Thursday, May 23rd, 2013

Behold Nikola Tesla pitching Silicon Valley VCs:

Making Millions online with Wool

Wednesday, May 22nd, 2013

Hugh Howey’s success with Wool suggests that self-published e-books are on the rise — and fulfilling unmet demand:

These days, self-published authors such as Bella Andre and CJ Lyons regularly appear on New York Times bestseller lists. Self-published titles made up 25 percent of the top-selling books on Amazon last year, according to the Wall Street Journal. “The stigma of self-publishing,” Snow says, “has largely vanished.”

Howey believes self-published authors are succeeding because traditional publishers aren’t meeting readers’ demands for certain literary genres, particularly science fiction, romance and erotica. E.L. James’ three-volume erotic novel, “Fifty Shades of Grey,” is a prime example. Random House has sold more than 70 million print, e-book and audio copies of the trilogy, which began as a self-published book.

Howey understands why publishers are reluctant to lard their catalogues with these genres. “It would be jarring if half the Penguin catalogue was erotica,” he says. “I think their self-respect is more important than the bottom line.”

He says he also knows that many authors – more than the literary establishment realizes – are making a good living through self-publishing. Months ago, he did an informal survey, posting a message on an Amazon Kindle forum asking for examples of self-published writers earning $100 to $500 a month.

He got at least 1,000 responses, he says, with many people noting they were earning a lot more than the range he had posted. “I’ve heard from people making tens of thousands of dollars,” he says, “and I’ve never heard of their books.”

(Hat tip à mon père.)

Beasts of Burden

Saturday, May 18th, 2013

Beasts of Burden doesn’t look at animals carrying packs but at animals fighting, in Afghanistan — where they bet on quail and partridge fights, in addition to rooster and dog fights:

Wrestling is getting a makeover

Thursday, May 16th, 2013

To boost its popularity and stay in the Olympics, wrestling is getting a makeover:

So say goodbye to singlets and hello to shirtless Greco-Roman wrestlers. The stage too could change – why be limited by a boring square mat? Taking the lead from the MMA world, wrestling is thinking big and bold when it comes to showmanship. Incorporating staged weigh-ins, walk-out music, lighting, visual effects and video screen replays are all being discussed.

If only wrestling had thought to introduce showmanship earlier…

The Vice Guide to the World

Tuesday, May 14th, 2013

Vice started out even more oddly than I’d imagined:

Before it was the future, Vice was Voice of Montreal, a free magazine created in 1994 under the auspices of a welfare-to-work program, with the goal of covering Montreal’s cultural events. Its founders were Suroosh Alvi, the son of university professors from Pakistan and a recovering heroin addict, who was on welfare, and Gavin McInnes, a tree planter turned cartoonist, who had to get on welfare in order to be hired. Instead of covering street festivals, the two wrote about what interested them: drugs, rap music, and Montreal’s punk-rock scene. Voice of Montreal’s first issue carried an interview with the Sex Pistols singer John Lydon. Alvi, who is now forty-four, pointed out that he and McInnes wanted to pursue “authenticity.” “We were going to cruise around with drug dealers while they were doing their rounds,” he told me. “Instead of writing about a prostitute, we were going to get prostitutes to write for us.”

Their salaries were paid by welfare checks, but the magazine was financed through ad sales. McInnes introduced Alvi to Smith, a childhood friend from Ottawa, whom he’d given the nickname Bullshitter Shane. Smith, who had been going door-to-door for Greenpeace, had ambitions of becoming a novelist. But sales turned out to be a natural fit. “He could sell rattlesnake boots to a rattlesnake,” Alvi said, and added, paraphrasing Jay-Z, “He could sell water to a well.” “We’d go to these major record labels, and he’d convince the president to give us ads.”

In polite Montreal, McInnes wrote, in a 2012 memoir called “How to Piss in Public,” their “gonzo journalism stuck out like a thumb covered in shit.” But perhaps their greatest transgression was espousing an ambition that seemed suspiciously American. In Canada, Smith has said, “everyone’s a C-minus.” Within two years, they’d taken the magazine national, and infiltrated U.S. record stores, changing Voice to Vice, to avoid confusion both with their previous incarnation and with the Village Voice. According to McInnes, Smith had a habit of calling late at night from pay phones and shouting, “ ‘We are going to be rich,’ into the receiver again and again, like a financial pervert with O.C.D.”

Vice’s move to the U.S. began with a prank. Smith falsely told a Canadian newspaper that the magazine was being bought by the local dot-com millionaire Richard Szalwinski. According to Smith, the article caught Szalwinski’s eye, and he requested a meeting—where he offered to buy twenty-five per cent of the company, for just under a million dollars, and to finance a move to New York. (Szalwinski told Wired that he doesn’t remember reading the article, and that his investment was a few hundred thousand dollars.) Szalwinski envisaged a “multichannel brand” and built a state-of-the-art Web site, at Viceland.com. (At the time, “Vice.com” was owned by a pornographer.) In 1999, Vice moved into offices on West Twenty-seventh Street, in Manhattan, with pink couches and gold-plated espresso machines, and branched into retail, selling streetwear by labels like Stüssy in stores they opened in Manhattan—on Lafayette at Prince—and in Toronto, Montreal, and Los Angeles. “His plan was great,” Alvi said of Szalwinski, “but it was way, way too early.” In 2002, after the dot-com bubble burst, Szalwinski’s money evaporated. Vice owed money to landlords and to venders. From a valuation of just under four million dollars, Alvi recalled, they discovered that they were three million dollars in debt.

Vice moved to the offices of the clothing company Triple Five Soul, in Williamsburg, and attempted to regroup. Though at one time or another the founders had had a hand in every part of the business, a rough division of labor emerged: McInnes handled the magazine, while Smith and Alvi shared responsibility for everything else—the record label, the Web site, ad sales, business development, and Vice’s fledgling international expansion. Smith spent the year cutting deals with creditors. The dot-com experience, Alvi said, confirmed their faith in what they call “punk-rock capitalism”: the principle of paying in advance, instead of going into debt. They returned to a mantra of “One page of ads equals one page of content.” Within a year, Smith says, the company was profitable again.

A certain type of downtown denizen likes to talk about his first encounter with Vice. The magazine presented an aggressive hedonism—early covers featured lines of cocaine—combined with a love of everything taboo. Sample cover lines: “Retards and Hip Hop”; “Pregnant Lesbians”; “80s Coke Sluts.” Inside, the writing was inscrutable. “It was like it was written in another language,” Amy Kellner, the magazine’s former managing editor, who is now a photo editor at the Times, told me. Bylines were often made up. Articles tended to launch directly into rants. One reader said, “It was like a zine come to life.”

A North Korean State of Mind

Saturday, May 11th, 2013

British filmmaker Daniel Gordon’s A State of Mind follows two young North Korean schoolgirls who are preparing for the upcoming Mass Games, held in the Dear General’s honor, where they’ll perform in an enormous, gymnastic spectacle:

Following on from the 2002 RTS award-winning documentary The Game of Their Lives, Gordon’s new film paints a candid portrait of these two young girls’ difficult (though by North Korean standards, very privileged) lives in this fascinating look at one of the world’s most hidden societies. Asia Society spoke with Daniel Gordon about the making of the documentary and his observations while in North Korea.

You were able to get unrestricted access to daily life in Pyongyang. Did the fact that you had already filmed The Game of Their Lives help you convince North Korean film authorities to grant you permission to do A State of Mind?

Absolutely. You really cannot underestimate what an impact The Game of Their Lives has had on people in North Korea. It has been broadcast over ten times on TV so everyone has seen it, everyone knows who we are and that it’s a popular film. We get very good treatment by almost everyone we meet, whether they are ordinary citizens on the streets or people in an official capacity.

Did you have a translator or guide with you the whole time?

As we say in the film, we had guides and translators with us at all times but they neither interfered nor sought to censor the material. They were there to assist us but they had no editorial input or influence.

Were you required to show them the final version of the film before releasing it to the public?

People find it hard to believe but the North Koreans had no editorial control. The first time they saw the finished version was after its first broadcast on the BBC. In essence, they trusted us to make an impartial film.

Do you find that the world of sports seems less threatening to North Korea as a subject matter for films? What attracts you to doing sports stories?

I am a sports fanatic and sports themes can tell great human stories, and remain neutral, even when the subject matter may be quite political. What fascinated me about the football team was how they emerged from a nation absolutely devastated by the Korean War to be at the World Cup just 13 years later. For A State of Mind I wanted to use the theme of daily life in Pyongyang through the eyes of these two schoolgirl gymnasts.

How did you find the two schoolgirls Kim Song Yun and Pal Hyon Sun?

We asked them for the best gymnast and met Pak Hyon Sun and her family in September 2002. Our intention was to have two gymnasts and one person who makes up the stunning backdrop. Having found Pak Hyon Sun we began filming in February 2003. She told us of her friend, Kim Song Yon and we got a feeling that we could develop their friendship as a theme. Pak is an only child, and loves going to Kim’s house, as there are three girls there. Kim learns gymnastic moves from Pak, so their relationship is mutually dependent. By April 2003, we understood that the Mass Games were going to be held indoors so there would be no backdrop so we just concentrated on the two girls.

Your film captures the very vivid and disturbing devotion that these children and adults have for their leader, Kim Jong Il. Did you get any sense from the people you met that there might be fear of punishment if they said anything on camera against the government?

No, one of the surprising and encouraging things was how open they were with us. No one looked at our footage or tried to edit it before we left the country.

(You can watch it on Netflix.)

Bundling

Saturday, May 11th, 2013

No, you’re not paying for all those channels you never watch, I’ve said before, and now Alex Tabarrok explains bundling more formally for his MRUniversity course on media economics:

Tell Me and I Will Forget

Friday, May 10th, 2013

Tell Me and I Will Forget follows paramedics as they deal with conditions in post-Apartheid South Africa:

(You can watch the whole film on Netflix.)