Why so much of Delhi is illegal

Thursday, September 21st, 2006

Soutik Biswas explains why so much of Delhi is illegal:

What do people do when their city’s authorities do not keep apace with its rapidly growing population and fail to provide adequate homes and business space?

In the Indian capital, Delhi, people simply encroach public and private land, bribe authorities, build homes, and wait for local politicians to legalise the colonies (housing areas) in exchange for votes in the elections.

Tanning cream may ward off skin cancer

Thursday, September 21st, 2006

A new tanning cream may ward off skin cancer by providing a “real” sunless tan:

The molecule at the heart of the cream recreates a process that occurs naturally when ultraviolet sunlight strikes skin cells. The cells respond differently depending on a person’s skin type. For people who tan well, the sun’s ultraviolet rays initially harm DNA in the skin, but this is followed by a robust tanning that curbs the DNA damage.

For lousy tanners, even a light tan can inflict significant DNA damage that can lead to cancers like melanoma by causing pigment-making skin cells known as melanocytes to begin dividing rampantly. The researchers say a darkening in pigmentation can help these people reduce that risk.

“Our strategy turns on pigment but doesn’t touch the DNA,” said Fisher. “This actually may represent a broader strategy to prevent the damage that UV causes in the skin, shielding the skin in ways that traditional sunscreens cannot.”

Selam, the three-year-old from 3.3m years ago

Thursday, September 21st, 2006

Anthropologists have uneartheed Selam, the three-year-old from 3.3m years ago:

Fossil hunters working in Ethiopia have unearthed the fragile bones of a baby ape-girl who lived 3.3m years ago, the earliest child ancestor discovered so far.

Named Selam, meaning “peace” in the country’s languages, the creature belongs to a species called Australopithecus afarensis, the same as Lucy, the famous adult female discovered in 1974 and believed to be a forebear of the human genus, Homo.

The fossilised remains reveal a critical moment in human evolution that saw our earliest relatives shaking off the legacy of ape ancestors to take their first tentative steps along a path that ultimately led to modern humans.

The remarkably complete skeleton’s lower half is almost perfectly adapted to walking upright, while the upper body is more primitive, with gorilla-like shoulderblades and curved chimpanzee-like fingers suited to clinging and climbing trees.

The intact skull and nearly full set of teeth show the large, pointy canines that distinguish apes from early humans have disappeared, leaving only substantial chewing teeth.

Pyrats!

Thursday, September 21st, 2006

I’m a scurvy dog for missing Talk Like a Pirate Day yesterday, but I’ll try to make up for it by pointing you to Pyrats, “a super fun animated short from those talented scallywags at Gobelins animation school,” according to Drawn!

Soviet Propaganda Posters

Thursday, September 21st, 2006

These Soviet Propaganda Posters amused me.

U-Va.’s One-Year Wonder

Thursday, September 21st, 2006

U-Va.’s One-Year Wonder, David Banh, didn’t just finish his college degree in one year — he double-majored, in math and physics, while having most of his tuition paid for by a variety of scholarships:

Banh went to U-Va. with the equivalent of 72 college credits [from AP exams]. It takes 120 to graduate, and the school requires that at least half come from U-Va. classes.

The typical course load is 15 credits a semester.

His first semester, he took 23 credits and found he had more time than he did in high school to spend with friends, playing games (video games or board games, he clarified, not drinking games). Or just hanging out.

“I don’t feel like I missed out,” he said. “Most of college was euphoria.”

He had some low points, especially late in April when the workload for his 37 credits seemed crushing, and his grades started to slip. (To some Bs.)

Disney Sells Films Through iTunes Store

Wednesday, September 20th, 2006

Wow. Walt Disney Sells 125,000 Digital Copies of Films Through iTunes Store in Less Than a Week, generating $1 million. But that’s just the beginning:

Disney expects revenue of $50 million in the first year from its iTunes partnership, Iger said at an investment conference in New York sponsored by Goldman Sachs.

“Clearly customers are saying to us they want content in multiple ways,” Iger said.

So far, Disney is the only studio selling films on iTunes. Disney was also the first studio to agree last year to sell television shows on iTunes. Other studios quickly followed suit.

Catastrophic Black Swans

Tuesday, September 19th, 2006

John Robb discusses the potential for Catastrophic Black Swans — very bad, unpredictable events — at the hands of terrorists:

If we follow this trend line, the path in development is clear. First, over the next decade, the size of the group necessary for global warfare will continue to decrease and decentralize (through a near term shift to systems disruption and open source organizational forms). Second, we will eventually reach a point when the weaponry available to these groups will enable them to initiate a catastrophic black swan (an event that [is] impossible to predict).

RAND’s Charles Meade and Roger Molander provide a great example of a catastrophic black swan in their contemplation of the effects of the explosion of a nuclear bomb, smuggled in a shipping container, at the port of Long Beach CA (PDF). Of particular interest are the cascading effects of such an attack — such as port closures across the US, which would result in immediate global economic isolation of an indeterminate duration. Of course, viewed within the context of a catastrophe like this, it is important to consider the first expression of this trend line (global terrorism using conventional weaponry) as a grace period. History has given us an opportunity to get security right before the next wave hits. So far, it doesn’t look like we have learned anything at all.

AI Invades Go Territory

Tuesday, September 19th, 2006

AI Invades Go Territory:

Wired News: What makes programming go so much tougher than chess?

Rémi Coulom: In Go, you don’t capture pieces, and so it’s very difficult to say that black is ahead or white is ahead just by looking at the board. In order to survive, a group of stones needs to surround two “eyes” — empty areas that can’t be invaded by the opponent.

On a 19-by-19(-line) board, you’ll have plenty of stones whose life or death status is undecided, and this is extremely difficult to analyze statically. This is different from the situation with chess or (checkers), where you can look at the board and say, “I have one more pawn than you.”

WN: What are “Monte Carlo” methods and how do they apply to Go?

Coulom: Monte Carlo methods are named after a quarter of Monaco that’s famous for its casinos. In the case of Go, the basic idea goes like this: To evaluate a potential move, you simulate thousands of random games. And if black tends to win more often than white, then you know that move is favorable to black.

WN: With 250 moves in a typical game, that must take a lot of computational power.

Coulom: The version of Crazy Stone in the Torino Olympiad ran on a four-CPU machine — two dual-core AMD Opterons at 2.2 GHz — and did about 50,000 random games per second. Unlike traditional algorithms, the Monte Carlo approach is extremely easy to parallelize, so it can take advantage of the multi-core architecture of the new generation of processors.

WN: Crazy Stone was not the first program to use Monte Carlo methods, but it was successful enough that it started a trend among Go programmers. What was your innovation?

Coulom: Because you can’t sample every possible random game, the Monte Carlo algorithm can easily fail to find the best moves. For instance, if most of the random games resulting from a certain move are losses, but one is a guaranteed win, the basic algorithm would take the average of those games and still evaluate it as a bad position.

Crazy Stone is clever enough to avoid this problem. When it notices that one sequence of moves looks better than the others, it tends to play it more often in the random games.

Actor Mickey Hargitay dies at age 80

Tuesday, September 19th, 2006

Actor Mickey Hargitay dies at age 80:

Born Miklos Hargitay in 1926, he emigrated from his native Hungary to the United States after World War II. He became interested in bodybuilding in the 1950s and was named Mr. Universe, Mr. America and Mr. Olympia in 1955.

“My dad’s a bit of a superhero,” Mariska Hargitay told the National Public Radio show “Fresh Air” last year.

He parlayed his perfect physique into a performing career when Mae West tapped him to be one of the musclemen in her stage show.

It was there that Hargitay met Mansfield, whom he married in 1957. That same year, he made his big-screen debut in “Slaughter on Tenth Avenue.” He went on to star opposite his wife in three films: “The Loves of Hercules,” “Promises! Promises!” and “Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?”

The couple had three children together, including Mariska, before divorcing in 1964. Mansfield died in a car crash in 1967.

The World’s Most Toxic Value System

Tuesday, September 19th, 2006

Steven Dutch argues that the primitive “honor” ethic — which he calls thar, the Arabic term for “blood vengeance” — is The World’s Most Toxic Value System. The elements of the thar mentality:

  • Extreme importance of personal status and sensitivity to insult
  • Acceptance of personal revenge including retaliatory killing
  • Obsessive male dominance
  • Paranoia over female sexual infidelity
  • Primacy of family rights over individual rights

Some examples of its toxicity:

  • When Western firms first started doing business in Saudi Arabia, they encountered a cultural roadblock. Men would eagerly learn how to do technical tasks, but at first refused to clean things — parts, tools, work areas — because cleaning things was “womens’ work.”
  • After my civil affairs unit had been in Kuwait a month in 1991, we began to sense that something was wrong: the recovery was far too slow. Kuwait was not that badly damaged in the Gulf War, apart from the burning oil wells. It was certainly not as badly damaged as an American city would have been by an earthquake or hurricane. The prevailing attitude everywhere was “where can we hire people to clean up? This attitude, that local people are managers and the actual hands-on work is done by hired help, is pervasive in the Persian Gulf and is very similar to the attitude of ancient Rome. In ancient Rome the attitude was that if citizens needed technical help, they could always buy an educated slave.
  • In many societies, the low-status jobs are first taken by foreigners who either don’t share their neighbors’ disdain for the jobs, or who are more interested in profit than status. However, when the low-status jobs turn out to be critical, often the locals find that they have been bypassed on the ladder to success. Worse yet, the rungs above them are occupied. In many African nations, shopkeeping and clerical jobs were left to Asian immigrants because they were considered too lowly for the warrior and herding classes. As time went by and it became obvious that trade and government were the routes to prosperity, that there really weren’t all that many jobs for traditional warriors and that killing lions with a spear was not a skill in high demand, the immigrants who took the former low-status jobs found themselves targets of resentment. In Idi Amin’s Uganda in the late 1960′s, Asian shopkeepers were simply expelled, but at least they were spared the agony of living in the society that Amin proceeded to create.
  • Immigrant families from thar-dominated societies to the United States often strongly resisted public education because it was seen as a threat to the authority of the family.
  • It’s very common to read accounts of entrepreneurs in Third World countries who could easily achieve even greater success but deliberately refrain because if they did, they would be inundated by extended family members. Could there be a more effective mechanism for keeping a society poor?
  • For sheer, bottom-of-the-barrel depravity, it’s hard to top this. A recent newspaper account of the plight of AIDS orphans in Africa described how they would often be left utterly destitute because their parents’ relatives would swoop in and take all their property. No doubt these are the same relatives who would expect the orphans to support them if they became successful.

The Shire of Bend, Oregon

Tuesday, September 19th, 2006

The Shire of Bend, Oregon is an unusual housing development:

The Shire is a development that borrows its basic design concept, styling and features from an era where the sense of community, the beauty of the land and the interaction of the residents with the land had high value. The Shire brings the spirit of a great age to daily living. The Shire has many flavors of eighteenth century English architecture and landscaping chosen because the style of the period was enchanting, evoking good feelings of a simpler lifestyle than the present. The Shire is a place where just the beauty and charm of the grounds and the structures make you relax, smile and be happier. We set out to create a lifestyle rather than a subdivision.

Links to free episodes of Penn & Teller: Bullshit!

Tuesday, September 19th, 2006

Someone calling himself Dragobert has compiled a list of links to free episodes of Penn & Teller: Bullshit! on Google Video:

The show aims to debunk an array of metaphysical, supernatural, and popular misconceptions and to apply critical thinking and scientific skepticism to these issues.

Enjoy!

U.C. Irvine Scientists To Start Ant Civil War

Monday, September 18th, 2006

Military aircraft rely on radio-based IFF systems to distinguish friends from foes. Ants use a chemical-based system, and now U.C. Irvine scientists are trying to start an ant civil war by playing with those scents:

Hoping to trigger an ant civil war, U.C. Irvine scientists are experimenting with a colorless potion that makes bosom-buddy arthropods try to decapitate one another, the Los Angeles Times reported Friday.

It could help rein in one of the planet’s most troublesome pests — the Argentine ant.

Throughout the state, the species has formed a massive super-colony that stretches from San Diego to Sonoma, wreaking havoc on wildlife, citrus crops and countless kitchens, according to The Times.

The glue that unites the ants is their scent, a hydrocarbon-laced secretion that coats their exoskeletons and enables the insects to identify one another as friends.

But biologist Neil Tsutsui and chemist Kenneth Shea recently created a synthetic version of the Californian ant scent, then tweaked the ingredients slightly and transferred the concoction onto ants serving as guinea pigs, The Times reported.

Like cheap cologne, the new scent offended nearly every other ant in the room. One whiff and they began tearing their suddenly strange-smelling comrades to shreds, according to The Times.

‘Our preliminary results strongly suggest that by manipulating chemicals on the exoskeleton, we can disrupt the cooperative behavior of these ants and, in essence, trigger civil unrest within these huge colonies,’ Shea said in remarks reported by The Times.

Addendum: If you’re not already familiar with UCI, there’s an amusing bit of trivia that makes this story even more amusing: UCI’s mascot is the anteater. (That’s what happens when the student body votes on the mascot in the middle of the 1960s.)

Proxy Terrorism From Iran

Sunday, September 17th, 2006

Natan Sharansky, former deputy prime minister of Israel and current member of parliament for the opposition Likud Party, discusses Proxy Terrorism From Iran, starting with an anecdote form Russian President Vladimir Putin:

“Imagine a sunny and beautiful day in a suburb of Manhattan,” he said. “An elderly man is tending to the roses in his small garden with his nephew visiting from Europe. Life seems perfectly normal. The following day, the nephew, carrying a suitcase, takes a train to Manhattan. Inside the suitcase is a nuclear bomb.”

The threat, Putin explained to me a year before 9/11, was not from this or that country but from their terrorist proxies — aided and supported quietly by a sovereign state that doesn’t want to get its hands dirty — who will perpetrate their attacks without a return address. This scenario became real when Al Qaeda plotted its 9/11 attacks from within Afghanistan and received support from the Taliban government. Then it happened again this summer, when Iran was allowed to wage a proxy war through Hezbollah in southern Lebanon and northern Israel. But this time, the international community’s weak response dealt the global war on terror a severe blow.
[...]
It is clear that Hezbollah is a proxy of Iran. It is public knowledge that Hezbollah receives more than $100 million a year from the Iranian regime, as well as sophisticated weapons and training.

Yet Iran has paid no price for its proxy’s actions. No military strikes on Iranian targets, no sanctions, no threat whatsoever to Iranian interests. On the contrary, in the wake of the war, there have been renewed calls in the democratic world to “engage” Iran.

Symptomatic of the moral myopia in the West is a farce worthy of Orwell: Former Iranian President Mohammad Khatami, under whom students were tortured after a 1999 crackdown at Tehran University and whose rule was marked by the continued stifling of dissent, spoke Sunday at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government on “Ethics of Tolerance in the Age of Violence.”

The Iranian regime’s intentions are clear. It calls for “wiping Israel off the map” and tells its followers to “imagine a world without America.” It seeks to dominate the Middle East. By failing to hold Iran accountable for its brazen support of Hezbollah, the free world has undermined a central pillar in the war on terror and given the Iranian regime a huge weapon for achieving its ambitions. Now the mullahs know they can attack a democratic country with impunity.

He concludes, The road to a suitcase bomb in Tel Aviv, Paris or New York just got a whole lot shorter.