As people age, they adopt a more cautious walking strategy, prioritizing staying upright over moving efficiently:
The study, conducted by researchers at Flinders University and the University of Canberra, found that aging leads to a more “safety-first” walking pattern. While this approach improves stability, it also reduces speed and energy efficiency, helping explain why older adults tend to fatigue more quickly and face a greater risk of falls.
By analyzing movement data from 107 healthy adults between the ages of 26 and 86, the researchers identified important age-related changes in how the ankle and surrounding muscles work during walking.
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The researchers found that older adults are more likely to activate opposing ankle muscles at the same time, a phenomenon known as co-contraction. This increases joint stiffness and helps improve balance when the foot contacts the ground.
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The study also found that older adults generate less push-off power with each step, leading to shorter strides and slower walking speeds.
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Rather than focusing only on strength, the researchers say exercise programs should also address balance, coordination, and the way muscles work together during each step.