As Growth Returns To Pakistan, Hopes Rise on Terror Front describes how a military coup brought Pakistan fiscal restraint and free trade:
Gen. Musharraf inherited a country on the verge of insolvency when he and a group of senior military officers removed Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif from office in a bloodless coup in October 1999. The government was then channeling more than 60% of its revenues into servicing debt, leaving little for public works or social programs. Foreign-exchange reserves had plunged below $400 million, barely enough to finance two weeks of imports. Pakistan found it near impossible to tap global financial markets after Washington slapped economic sanctions on it for its nuclear tests.Gen. Musharraf moved quickly to recruit some of his country’s top economic minds back from abroad. In addition to Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, a top Citicorp Inc. executive, Pakistan’s leader also wooed men who had reached senior positions at the World Bank, Asian Development Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
His new economic team quickly resurrected a dormant IMF program by implementing a string of tough fiscal measures, which included slashing subsidies, devaluing the Pakistani currency, and allowing the market to set interest rates. They also sold off state-owned companies and removed a slew of tariff barriers.
‘No democratically elected government could have done this’ because it wouldn’t have been able to take the political heat, says Ishrat Husain, Pakistan’s central bank governor.