In The Future for The Unheavenly City, James K. Glassman looks at the effects of the European social model, which tends to lock the young and underqualified out of the job market:
In his 1970 book, The Unheavenly City, Banfield developed the thesis that, while successful contributors to society look to the future, the underclass is ‘present-oriented.’ Burning cars make a bright present but a dim future.Future orientation comes through an economic system that convinces people that by investing (in themselves, if not in businesses), they will reap large benefits down the road. In much of Europe, that is not happening.